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Sequence of Tenses

Sequence of Tenses. 2 sequences 1 – primary = present & future 2 – secondary = imperfect & pluperfect (perfect works in both). Primary Tenses. Sequence. Main verb. Subordinate Subjunctive. Primary. present. present (contemporary time/ time after). future. *perfect*.

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Sequence of Tenses

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  1. Sequence of Tenses 2 sequences 1 – primary = present & future 2 – secondary = imperfect & pluperfect (perfect works in both)

  2. Primary Tenses Sequence Main verb Subordinate Subjunctive Primary present present (contemporary time/ time after) future *perfect* perfect (time prior) future perfect

  3. Secondary Tenses Sequence Main verb Subordinate Subjunctive Secondary/ Historical imperfect imperfect (contemporary time/ time after) *perfect* pluperfect (time prior) pluperfect

  4. Primary Tenses videō quid faciās I see what you are doing vidēbō quid faciās I shall see what you are doing vīderō quid faciās I shall have seen what you are doing vīdī quid faciās I have seen what you are doing.

  5. Primary Tenses videō quid fēcerīs I see what you have done. vidēbō quid fēcerīs I shall see what you have done. vīderō quid fēcerīs I shall have seen what you have done. vīdī quid fēcerīs I have seen what you have done.

  6. Secondary Tenses vidēbam quid facerēs I saw what you were doing. vīdī quid facerēs I saw what you were doing. vīderam quid facerēs I had seen what you were doing.

  7. Verres lictoribus imperavit ut Gavium in crucem tollerent. Verres ordered (his) lictors to crucify Gavius. ut + subj., i.e., purpose clause impf. subj. tollerent simultaneous to ind. perf. imperâvit

  8. Verres quî praetor malus fuisset Rômam redîre nôluit. Verres who (was of the sort that he) had been a bad praetor (governor) did not want to return to Rome. relative clause w/ consecutive characteristic plupf. subj. fuisset is prior in time to ind. perf. nôluit

  9. Syrâcûsânî â Cicerône petivêrunt ut Verrem accûsâret. The Syracusans asked Cicero to accuse Verres. ut + subj., i.e., purpose clause impf. subj. accûsâret is simultaneous to ind. perf. petivêrunt

  10. Cicero affirmâvit sê Verrem quî multa scelera commîsisset accûsâtûrum esse. Cicero affirmed/stated strongly that he would accuse Verres who (because he) had committed many crimes. relative clause with causal characteristic plupf. subj. commîsisset is prior in time to perf. affirmâvit

  11. Erant quî Verrem amârent; sunt, qui etiam nunc istum ament; semperque erunt qui eum imitentur. (imitârî = to imitate) There were (those of the sort) who loved Verres, and there are (those of the sort) who even now love that (despicable) man, and there will always be (those of the sort) who will imitate him. three relative clauses with consecutive characteristics à la sunt qui; 1. impf. subj. amârent simultaneous to ind. impf. erant 2. pres. subj. ament simultaneous to ind. pres. sunt 3. pres. subj. imitentur simultaneous to ind. future erunt.

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