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Global Review: Role of Traditional Medicine in Promoting Access to Health Care

Global Review: Role of Traditional Medicine in Promoting Access to Health Care . Dr Xiaorui Zhang Coordinator Traditional Medicine Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies World Health Organization. WHO Renewing PHC through 4 Areas of Reform . Participation.

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Global Review: Role of Traditional Medicine in Promoting Access to Health Care

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  1. Global Review: Role of Traditional Medicine in Promoting Access to Health Care Dr Xiaorui ZhangCoordinator Traditional Medicine Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies World Health Organization

  2. WHO Renewing PHC through 4 Areas of Reform Participation

  3. Definition of Traditional Medicine Traditional medicine has a long history. It is the sum total of the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health, as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illnesses. -WHOGeneral Guidelines for methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine2000

  4. Varieties of Traditional Medicine • Traditional medicine has been developed based on the countries/regions history and culture • Traditional medicine is quite different from country and region to region • The term “traditional medicine” covers a wide variety of therapies and practices which vary greatly from country to country and from region to region; being aware that traditional, complementary, or alternative medicine has many positive features, and that traditional medicine and its practitioners play an important role in treating chronic illnesses, and improving the quality of life of those suffering from minor illness or from certain incurable diseases" -Resolution on traditional medicine, WHA56.3, 2003

  5. Ethiopia Mali Populations using traditional medicine for primary care Myanmar Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Populations in developed countries who have used complementary and alternative medicine at least once Canada France Australia USA Populations Using TM/CAM Worldwide Germany Sources: Eisenberg DM et al. 1998; Health Canada, 2001;Myanmar and Mali government in 2008, BMJ in 2003.

  6. European Herbals Market Total Sale of Herbal Medicines, 2003 = €3.7 billion Source: IMS 2005

  7. Asian and Latin American Herbs Market In 2005 (China) • Sales revenue from traditional Chinese medicines totalled USD 14 billion and increased 23.81% compared to the previous year. • TCM market share: 30% of total sales of medicines In 2006 (Japan) • Sales revenue of Kampo medicine totalled USD 1.076 billion • Kampo market share: 1.67% of total medicine production In 2007 (Brazil) • Sales of revenue of herbal medicines reached USD 160 millions. Annual research report by the Chinese Traditional Medicine Industry, July 2006

  8. Main Challenges and Difficulties in the Field of Traditional Medicine • Lack of legal recognition for traditional medicine and its practitioners • Lack of preservation and protection of knowledge of traditional medicine and resources of medicinal plants • Lack of appropriate law and regulations for both practice and products of traditional medicine • Lack of appropriate control mechanism and approaches to control safety, efficacy and quality of traditional medicine • Lack of adequate support to the research of traditional medicine • Lack of training/education programmes and licensing practice for qualified practice of traditional medicine

  9. integrate TM/CAM with national health care systems 1 3 2 4 WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005 Policy: Safety, efficacy and quality: provide evaluation, guidance and support for effective regulation Access: ensure availability and affordability of TM/CAM, including essential herbal medicines Rational use: promote therapeutically-sound use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers

  10. Countries' Progress in the Field of Traditional Medicine Number of Member States with national policy on TM/CAM 31% of respondents have national policy Number of countries with national policy pending: 51 Number of countries before 1990: 5 Number of countries in 2007: 48 WHO Global Survey on National Policy and Regulation of Herbal Medicines 2005and WHO medicine strategy 2008-2014

  11. Countries' Progress in the Field of Traditional Medicine 65% of respondents have established herbal medicines law or regulations Number of Member States with herbal medicines law or regulations 42 (49%) declared regulations were in the process of being developed. Number of countries before 1986: 14 Number of countries in 2007: 110 WHO Global Survey on National Policy and Regulation of Herbal Medicines 2005 and WHO medicine strategy 2008-2014

  12. Countries' Progress in the Field of Traditional Medicine Number of Member States with a national research institute on TM/CAM or herbal medicines

  13. Comprehensive, Expanded Law and Regulationsfor Integrating TM/CAM Practice into Health Services • Hungary 1997 • Belgium 1999 • Ghana 1999 • Ukraine 1998 • Myanmar 2000 • Russian Federation 2001 • Singapore 2001 and 2002 • Tanzania 2002 • Indonesia 2002 and 2007 • Norway 2003 • Portugal 2003 • Brazil 2006 • UK 2008

  14. WHO Congress on Traditional Medicine7-9 November 2008, Beijing China International Governmental Forum on Integration of TM/CAM into Health Systems • National policy on TM/CAM • National regulation of traditional and herbal medicines • TM in primary health care • National regulation of TM/CAM practice • Research on TM/CAM

  15. WHO New Resolution on Traditional MedicineResolution EB124.R9 adopted on 26 January2009 The EB Resolution emphasizes: • To preserve and communicate knowledge of traditional medicine; • To formulate national policies, regulations and standards of traditional medicine; • To integrate traditional medicine into national health systems; • To develop research and innovation; • To establish qualifications and licensed practice; • To strengthen communication between conventional and traditional medicine providers.

  16. Integration of TM/CAM into National Health System "The two systems of traditional and Western medicine need not clash. Within the context of primary health care, they can blend together in a beneficial harmony, using the best features of each system, and compensating for certain weaknesses in each." Dr Margaret Chan Director-General of WHO At Opening ceremony of WHO Congress 7th November 2008, Beijing

  17. Integration of TM/CAM into National Health System Traditional and complementary/alternative medicine Modernmedicine ? The patients and the publics will obtain health benefits

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