Jeopardy

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3. 5.3.12.A 5.3.12.B 5.3.12.C 5.3.12.D 5.3.12.E 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 10 Point 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 30 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 40 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points 50 Points

4. Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? • Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. • Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions. • The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing. • The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.

5. D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.

6. If an animal cell is placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process? A. active transport B. enzyme activity C. osmosis D. respiration

7. C. osmosis

8. Frog experiments have shown that cells that are more differentiated than others are ______________ produce fully developed adults. • unable to • less likely to • more likely to • always able to

9. C. more likely to

10. 18 18 9 9 18 18 18 18 36 36 18 54 54 • A carrot cell contains 18 chromosomes. Which of the following diagrams illustrates the correct number of chromosomes in new cells produced by mitosis? • B. • C. D.

11. 18 18 18 C.

12. A young patient is diagnosed with the genetic disorder lactose intolerance, which results in the inability to digest milk products due to a missing enzyme called lactase. What is the most likely cause of lactose intolerance in this patient? • The patient is allergic to milk. • The patient stopped consuming milk products. • A disease destroyed . • A mutation occurred in the gene that is responsible for producing lactose.

13. D. A mutation occurred in the gene that is responsible for producing lactose.

14. What occurs during the process of photosynthesis? • Chemical energy is converted to light energy. • Light energy is converted into chemical energy. • Glucose is broken down to release energy. • Carbon dioxide and energy are released into the atmosphere.

15. B. Light energy is broken down to release energy.

16. Through a series of reactions known as photosynthesis, plants use sunlight energy to create which two important products? • Soil and kinetic energy • Water and light energy • Carbon dioxide and radiant energy • Oxygen and chemical energy

17. D. Oxygen and chemical energy

18. An ecologist evaluates a food chain that has grass, beetles, sparrows, and cats. Which of those organisms has the highest biomass? • Grass • Beetles • Sparrows • Cats

19. A. Grass

20. Which statement describes all stable ecosystems? • Herbivores provide energy for the autotrophs. • The populations of predators are dependent on the populations of the prey. • The number of autotrophs equals the number of heterotrophs. • Consumers synthesize ATP from light energy.

21. B. The populations of predators are dependent on the populations of the prey.

22. In one of the steps of the carbon cycle, a person exhales a molecule of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Which of the following is mostly likely to happen next to the atom of carbon in this molecule? • It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant. • It may become part of a protein in an animal. • It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned. • It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium.

23. A. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant.

24. Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of frogs? • A decrease in mice. • A decrease in squirrels. • An increase in squirrels. • A decrease in rabbits.

25. A. A decrease in mice.

26. If many trees are • removed from a • forest, what is the • most immediate • effect on the carbon • cycle in that forest? • Increased rates of decomposition. • Decreased use of atmospheric CO2. • Decreased combustion of fossil fuels. • Increased production of organic compounds.

27. B. Decreased use of atmospheric CO2.

28. Environmental scientists are concerned that pollution coming from a factory is contributing to global warming. Which of the following describes their most likely step? • Collecting water from nearby streams to test for hydrogen content. • Testing skin samples from animals in the area for bacterial infection. • Asking people who live near the plant about their exposure to ultraviolet radiation. • Collecting air samples near the plant to test for chlorofluorocarbons.

29. D. Collecting samples near the plant to test for chlorofluorocarbons.

30. Plants use up carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. What is the most likely result of cutting down large forests worldwide? • More carbon dioxide in the air and less oxygen. • Less carbon dioxide in the air and more oxygen. • More carbon dioxide in the air and more oxygen. • Less carbon dioxide in the air and less oxygen.

31. A. More carbon dioxide in the air and less oxygen.

32. Over time, the burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. How might this affect Earth? • There will be less sunlight and therefore less plant growth. • It will create more oxygen in the atmosphere and therefore less need for plants. • Earth’s average temperature will decrease, causing sea levels to decrease due to the formation of glaciers. • Earth’s average temperature will increase, resulting in higher sea levels due to melting Arctic and Antarctic ice.

33. D. Earth’s averagetemperature will increase, resulting in higher sea levels due to melting Arctic and Antarctic ice.

34. Pedigree charts can be used to determine patterns of inheritance for genetic traits and disorders. Given this pedigree chart, this genetic trait must be... • autosomal recessive. • sex-linked recessive. • autosomal dominant. • sex-linked dominant.

35. A. autosomal recessive.

36. A recessive gene on the X chromosome codes for muscular dystrophy. Males are more likely to suffer from muscular dystrophy than females because • muscular dystrophy is associated with high testosterone levels. • males have two copies of the X chromosome. • males have only one copy of the X chromosome. • females have no copies of the X chromosome.

37. C. males have only one copy of the X chromosome.

38. This diagram shows a homologous chromosome pair. The positions of three genes are marked, and alleles for traits corresponding to the genes are indicated. For which alleles is the chromosome heterozygous? • plant height and seed pod shape only • flower location and seed pod shape only • flower location, seed pod shape, and plant height • plant height and flower location only

39. B. flower location and seed pod shape only

40. Fireflies produce light inside their bodies. The enzyme luciferase is involved in the reaction that produces the light. Scientists have isolated the luciferase gene. A scientist inserts the luciferase gene into the DNA of cells from another organism. If these cells produce light, the scientist knows that which of the following occurred? • The luciferase gene mutated inside the cells. • The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated. • The luciferase gene destroyed the original genes of the cell. • The luciferase gene moved from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum.

41. B. The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated.

42. Hemophilia is an inheritable genetic disorder that prohibits the proper formation of blood clots. The recessive gene that causes hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome. Given this information, which of the following statements is true? • In order for a female offspring to be a hemophiliac,her father must be a hemophiliac. • In order for a male offspring to be a hemophiliac,his mother must be a hemophiliac. • In order for a male offspring to be a hemophiliac,his father must be a hemophiliac. • In order for a female offspring to be a hemophiliac,her mother must be a hemophiliac.

43. A. In order for a female offspring to be a hemophiliac,her father must be a hemophiliac.

44. Thousands of years ago, giraffes with short necks were common within giraffe populations. Nearly all giraffe populations today have long necks. This difference could be due to: • Giraffes stretching their necks to keep their heads out of reach of predators. • Giraffes stretching their necks so they could reach food in higher trees. • A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size occurring in some skin cells of a giraffe. • A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size occurring in the reproductive cells of a giraffe.

45. D. A mutation in genetic material controlling neck size occurring in the reproductive cells of a giraffe.

46. Scientists have concluded that snakes evolved from an ancestor with legs. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence for this conclusion? • Most species of snakes live on land. • Snakes move extremely fast to catch their prey. • Snakes have a well-developed backbone and muscular system. • Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development.

47. D. Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development.

48. Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred? • It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago. • It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms. • It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar. • It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time.

49. D. It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time.

50. On island chains, like those shown, animal populations that spread from the main island (indicated by Kona) to other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains what favors speciation in these situations? • Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands. • Lack of disease on the other islands enables the populations to grow and change without limit. • The physical separation of the islands limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations. • The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year and produce several generations.