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Inclusion Strategies to Improve Research and Writing Skills of Secondary Students

This comprehensive guide by Professor Millie Gore explores effective inclusion strategies to enhance the research and writing skills of secondary students, particularly those with learning difficulties. It includes guidance on selecting research topics, structuring reports, organizing information, evaluating options, using templates, and editing papers. The strategies aim to provide explicitness, make concepts visible, break down processes, and reduce uncertainty and stress. The guide also includes references to further reading on successful inclusion strategies.

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Inclusion Strategies to Improve Research and Writing Skills of Secondary Students

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  1. Inclusion Strategies to Improve Research and Writing Skills of Secondary Students Professor Millie Gore Midwestern State University Wichita Falls, TX USA Millie.gore@mwsu.edu

  2. The Writing Task • Requires critical thinking beyond that of reading • A difficult task for most students • Extremely difficult for students with learning difficulties • Inclusion strategies help students with learning difficulties write successfully

  3. Keys to Inclusive Writing Strategies • Provide explicitness and structure • Make the invisible visible • Break process down into small steps • Reduce uncertainty and stress

  4. Two Guiding Theories • Pavio’s Dual Processing Theory • Visual input added to auditory increases understanding and memory • Multicoding of Information • Kinesthetic input added to visual and auditory increases understanding and memory

  5. Visual Tools • Have strong research support • Make the invisible become visible • Provide explicitness & structure • Can break process down into small steps • Reduce uncertainty and stress

  6. Selecting a Research Topic • Venn Diagrams help to determine overlapping areas between student interest and course content • Interview about interests • Specify content area • Co-construct Venn Diagram to determine overlap

  7. Topic for my paper This Class’s Topic My Interests Music Food Technology The Music Of the Great Depression The Great Depression

  8. Narrowing the Topic Concept webs help the student narrow the topic Co-construct concept web Suggest possible areas of inquiry Help student narrow focus

  9. Will be subsumed. Effects of Music on US In GD Types of Music In US during GD Music and the Great Depression Effects of GD On Music in US Music industry In US during GP Famous US Musicians During GD Will be subsumed.

  10. Identifying Parts of Report • Metaphorical drawing of house helps show importance of background information • Draw house. • Label the ground with introduction and thesis statement. • Label foundation with background topics. • Label house with research questions. • Label roof with summary.

  11. House Graphic Metaphor Summary & Conclusion What were the effects of the Great Depression on music in the US? What were the effects of music on the Great Depression in the US? What was the Great Depression? What is music? Introduction & Thesis Statement

  12. Structuring the Infosearch • Taba’s Data Retrieval Chart helps organize the information search • Construct 5-column matrix for major topics • List two or three questions down first column • List three sources across first row

  13. Taba’s Data Retrieval Chart

  14. Taba’s Data Retrieval Chart

  15. Taba’s Data Retrieval Chart

  16. Evaluating two Options • The Multiattribute Utility Theory matrix helps evaluate two or more options • Create a matrix • List important criteria in first column • Weight each criterion • List options in first row • Score each option on each criterion • Total

  17. MAUT Matrix for Evaluation

  18. Providing a Template • Templates structure the writing task thus reducing uncertainty and stress • Multiple template options • Create a template • Use a template in a wordprocessing program

  19. Music and the Great Depression in the United States of America By Marci Dogwood September, 2005 Introduction (1 paragraph, 5-7 sentences) What is Music? (4-6 paragraphs) What was the Great Depression in the USA? (8-10 paragraphs; includes causes) What were the effects of music on the Great Depression and the Great Depression on music in the USA? (12-16 paragraphs) Summary & Conclusion 1-3 paragraphs References

  20. Providing an Exemplary Paper • An exemplary paper on a different topic reduces uncertainty and stress • Serves as a concrete in-hand model • Answers many questions that arise

  21. Editing the Paper • Rubrics provide guidance in writing and editing the paper thus reducing uncertainty and stress • Multiple rubric options • Create your own • Select one from a writing website

  22. Report Rubric 10 points 20 points 25 points

  23. SummaryInclusion Strategies for Writing • Provide explicitness and structure • Make the invisible visible • Break process down into small steps • Reduce uncertainty and stress

  24. Reference • Gore, M. C. (2004). Successful inclusion strategies for secondary and middle school teachers: Keys to helping struggling learners access the curriculum. • New York: Corwin Press • London: Sage Publications Ltd. • New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd.

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