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Accelerometers: Design, Theory, and Application

Accelerometers: Design, Theory, and Application. An Instrumentation Report By C.J. Hartwigsen 10/17/01. Vibration Measurement. Many Systems Require Vibration Analysis Vibration Systems (Car Suspension) Systems Subject to Periodic Loading or Shock

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Accelerometers: Design, Theory, and Application

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  1. Accelerometers: Design, Theory, and Application An Instrumentation Report By C.J. Hartwigsen 10/17/01

  2. Vibration Measurement • Many Systems Require Vibration Analysis • Vibration Systems (Car Suspension) • Systems Subject to Periodic Loading or Shock • Experimental Vibration Analysis Requires Measurement of Motion • Displacement • Velocity • Acceleration

  3. Motion Transducers • Displacement • LVDT • Capacitive Transducer • Laser Transducer • Velocity • Inductive Transducer • Laser Velocimeter • Acceleration • The Accelerometer!

  4. Requires No Power Supply No Moving Parts Compact Robust Large Dynamic Range Large Frequency Range Easy to Use Cheap Can Be Used in Any Orientation Insensitive to Normal Environments Long-Term Stability Displacement, Velocity Obtainable Through Integration Advantages of Accelerometer (Piezoelectric)

  5. Principle of Operation • Physical Setup: Piezoelectric Material Sandwiched Between Base and Resonant Mass - Also Shear, Bender • Motion Causes Resonant Mass to Move, Force to Move Mass Is Transmitted Through Piezoelectric Material (F = ma) • Compression/Tension or Shear of Piezoelectric Material Causes Charge Buildup Proportional to Acceleration • Equivalent Electric Circuit • Measures Capacitance • Depends On Cable

  6. ICP Accelerometers • Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric • To Make Accelerometer Use Simple, Incorporate Electronics Package Into Transducer • Equivalent Circuit => No Dependence on Cable • Output Sensitivity Constant

  7. Characteristics of Accelerometers • Dynamic Range: Should Be Able to Measure Low and High Level Vibration • Lower Limit is Noise • Upper Limit is Set By Accelerometer • Frequency Range: Should Be Able to Measure Across a Broad Bandwidth • Accelerometer is SDOF system w/ Frequency Response • Physical Dimensions • Weight • Size

  8. Use and Handling of Accelerometers • Selection • Check Dynamic Range & Sensitivity • Check Frequency Range • Check Operational Environment • Investigate Effect of Accelerometer on Structure => Mass • Mounting • Direct Mounting w/Stud • Cement • Wax • Magnetic Base

  9. Use and Handling of Accelerometers • Do Not Let Cables Influence Structure (Particularly if Small and Light) • Do Not Drop • Be Aware of Noise • Acoustic • Can Affect Structure • Can Affect Transducer • Electric • If Digitizing Data, Watch Out For Aliasing • Should Be Calibrated Periodically

  10. Accelerometer Producers • PCB Piezotronics • 3425 Walden Avenue • Depew, NY 14043 • 716-684-0001 sales@pcb.com • Kistler Instrument Corp • 75 John Glenn Drive • Amherst, NY 14228 • 716-691-5100 sales.us@kistler.com • Endevco Corporation • 30700 Rancho Viejo Road • San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 • 1-800-9826732 applications@endevco.com

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