Bell Quiz : Pages 508-516

1. Bell Quiz: Pages 508-516 1.How was French society divided before 1789? 2.Who were the bourgeoisie and what estate were they part of? 3.Who was Marie-Antoinette? 4.What was the Bastille? 5. What was the slogan of the French Revolution?

2. Answers 1. Into three estates, or classes. 2. The urban middle class that made up part of the Third Estate: merchants, manufacturers, doctors, and lawyers. Educated and wealthy, but not nobles. 3. Queen of France. Married to King Louis XVI (16th). She was from Austria. 4. A French prison, symbol of royal oppression. 5. Liberty, equality, fraternity

3. Bell Quiz: Use Pages 508-516 1. What is the Estates General? 2. Why did Louis XVI (16th) take the unusual step of calling all three estates together? 3. What was the slogan of the French Revolution? 4. T/F The Declaration of the Rights of Man also applied to French Women? 5. In what ways was the first government after the revolution a weak one?

4. Bell Quizzes Estates General: Representatives of all three estates. To get approval for new taxes. Liberty, equality, fraternity. False Executive branch was weak and the legislative branch was powerful, but inexperienced.

5. Objectives • Describe how the Old Regime was structured. • Analyze why discontent began to grow in the mid 1700s. • Explain why Louis XVI wanted to call the Estates General. • Describe how the meeting of the Estates General pushed France toward revolution. • Explain why and how the French Revolution spread. • Analyze how a constitution changed French government. • Explain why the monarchy and the Legislative Assembly came to an end.

6. Chapter 21 Section 1&2 Terms Bourgeoisie Olympe de Gouges Louis XIV (14th) Louis XV (15th) Louis XVI (16th) Marie-Antoinette Radicals Moderates Conservatives Declaration of the Rights of Man

7. Intro to French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKXx7fYF8pY&safe=active

8. French Society

9. The Old Regime • The Old Regime is the time period before the French Revolution. • French society was divided into three estates (classes). • The First Estate was made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. They have the most power and pay no taxes • The Second Estate was made up of the Nobility. They have government jobs and pay no taxes • The rest of the people in France belonged to the Third Estates. (97% of the population). Pay high taxes.

10. The Third Estate • At the top of the Third Estate were the bourgeoisie. • The bourgeoisie were wealthy, educated, urban middle class people. • Merchants, manufactures, professionals, doctors, and lawyers. • Most of the Third Estate was made up of very poor peasants. • In the 1700s most peasants were still governed by the feudal system. • They paid heavy taxes as well as rent for the land they worked. • They were also forced to pay tithing. • Had no voice in changing laws. • Remained under the absolute control of their landlords and kings.

11. Use page 508-509 to fill out the chart

12. Growing Discontent • Several factors explain the growing discontent in France. • France’s population was growing. • Changing economic conditions. • The poor blamed the king for higher prices. • The bourgeoisie wanted political power. • The bourgeoisie resented paying taxes when nobles and clergy did not. • Both the peasants and the bourgeoisie had ideas of liberty, equality, and other natural rights (unalienable rights-U.S. Declaration of independence). • These ideas unified the Third Estate and enabled them to challenge the king’s power.

13. Use pages 508-511

14. French Financial Crisis

15. The Financial Crisis • 1774, Louis XVI (16th) became king of France. • Louis XVI married Marie-Antoinette, the daughter of the Austrian empress. • The French people hated Marie – Antoinette. • France was almost bankrupt because of years of deficit spending. On top of that, there was a poor harvest that led to people going hungry. • King Louis XVI (16th) did nothing to help the economic problem

16. Palace of Versailles • 10,000 people live or worked in the palace. • The gardens covered 250 acres and contained 1400 fountains. • Cost was $2.3 Billion dollars to build. • The kitchen and dining rooms were on the opposite ends of he palace. The palace was so large that the food was cold by the time it was delivered to the dining room.

17. The Meeting of the Estates General • The financial crisis in France forced King Louis to call the meeting of the Estates General. • On May 5, 1789, Representatives of each estate met but they fought over the rules of the meeting. • The rules stated that each estate received just one vote. This was unfair because the Third Estate was outvoted 2 to 1 even though the Third Estate made up 97% of the population. • The meeting was was a small step towards democracy because the representatives met to discuss the problem.

18. Creation of National Assembly The Third Estate couldn’t change the rules of the Estates General meeting so they make themselves into the National Assembly in June 1789. They were locked out of the meeting room while it was raining so they met on the tennis courts at the royal palace. They pledge (Tennis Court Oath) to not leave until the write a constitution. This became known as the Constitution of 1791. The constitution was a step towards democracy because it limited the king’s power and created a Legislative Assembly to make laws. This act marked the real beginning of the French Revolution.

19. The Spread of Revolution • In response to the meeting of the Estates General, King Louis XVI ordered troops into Paris and Versailles. • The French people feared Louis was going to stop the National Assembly by force so on July 14, 1789 the French people captured the Bastille prison in Paris. • The people wanted weapons to protect themselves against the king’s troops. • The fall of the Bastille was the beginning of the French Revolution. • This action contributed to the rise of democracy because people began to protest against the government.

20. The End of the Old Regime • In response to the violence the National Assembly ended feudalism in France. • The assembly adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizens (equivalent to the Declaration of Independence). • This document dealt with basic human rights and political powers: All men are created equal, born with unalienable rights, have freedom of speech, press and religion, right to a fair trial, and have the right to govern. • Between 1789 and 1791 the National Assembly passed many laws and set up a new government.

21. The French Constitution • 1791, the National Assembly finished writing a constitution for France. • This constitution limited the authority of the king. • Divided the government into three branches. • The Executive • The Legislative • The Judicial • The constitution went into effect in October but lasted less than a year.

22. Constitution of 1791

23. Committee of Public Safety By 1792, radicals took over the revolution. Robespierre was the leader of COPS. They made France into a republic. However, the radicals killed thousands of people who criticized the government by executing them with a guillotine. King Louis XVI (16th) and Marie Antoinette were both executed by the guillotine for treason. Liberty, equality, fraternity (Liberté, égalité, fraternité) became the slogan of the French Revolution.

24. Brainstorm as a class List similarities between American Revolution and French Revolution.

25. Writing: Minimum 15 lines Compare and contrast the causes of the start of the American Revolution to the cause that started the French Revolution. Pages 508-516 French Revolution Pages 497-499 American Revolution Due: Today