Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system

1. Unit 6 – Risk Management and safety management system Unit 6 Risk Management

2. Unit Objectives Unit 6 Risk Management Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations. Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).

3. Risk Assessment and Management Unit 6 Risk Management What is Risk Assessment? Risk assessment is the process which associates “hazards” with “risks.” Risk assessment is the initial part of the risk management process which includes: Identifying know hazards and Analyzing the degree of risk associated with each hazard

4. Risk Assessment and Management Unit 6 Risk Management Risk Management Process Risk management is a continuous systematic process of identifying and controlling risk in all activities according to established parameters. This process includes detecting hazards, assessing the risk, and implementing and monitoring risk controls to support effective, risk based decision making.

5. Five Steps to Risk Management Unit 6 Risk Management Identify Hazards – Situation Awareness Assess the Hazards – Hazard Assessment Develop Controls Make Decisions – Hazard Control Implement Controls – Decision Point Supervise

6. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Step 1 – Identify Hazards – Situation Awareness

7. Risk Management Applied • What is a hazard? • Any real or potential condition that can cause: • Mission degradation • Injury • Illness, or death to personnel • Damage/loss of equipment • or property Unit 6 Risk Management

8. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Factors that Determine Hazards • Weather • Time of flight • Terrain • Equipment • Wires • Military training areas • Take-off and landing weights • Training and proficiency level of personnel

9. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management RISK FACTORS are divided into four categories for hazard identification: Man Machine Medium Method Known as the “4Ms Risk Factors”

10. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Step 2 – Assess the Hazards – Hazard Assessment

11. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Each of the hazards should be identified and analyzed by examining: The effect on personnel/equipment should a hazard be encountered. The probability that a hazard will be encountered.

12. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Effect – If a hazard is encountered during a mission, the effect may be: Catastrophic – Death or serious injury Critical – Serious injury, damaged equipment Moderate – Mission accomplished, adverse effects Negligible – No effect, mission accomplished

13. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Probability – The probability of encountering a hazard during a mission may be: Frequent – Continuously or often Likely – May encounter several times Occasional – May encounter sporadically Seldom – Encountered infrequently, remote Unlikely – Rarely, possible, but improbable

14. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management How to determine the risk? Determine the severity, probability and exposure with each hazard. Determine the risk associated with the combined hazards. Initial assessment may indicate risk level(s)unacceptable. Once controls are implemented, risk level(s) may be at an acceptable level.

15. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Step 3 – Develop Controls Make Decisions – Hazard Control

16. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management What is a risk decision? Weigh the risk against the benefits ofperforming a mission. Be aware that the mentality, even during non-emergency operations may be mission-oriented (get the job done).

17. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Risk Decision Tips: Involve operational personnel, especially those impacted by the risk decision. Apply redundant risk controls when practical and cost effective. Make risk decisions when benefit out ways the cost.

18. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Who should make a risk decision? Decision should be made at the level that corresponds to the degree of risk associated with that mission. Majority of the decisions that you will be associated with will be made by the Helicopter Manager.

19. Composite Risk Level Hazard Probability Frequent Likely Occasionally Seldom Unlikely A B C D E Effect Catastrophic I Extreme High (2) (6) Medium (1) Critical II High High Low (3) (4) (5) Medium Moderate III High Medium (7) Negligible IV High EventEffectProbabilityRisk Level 1) Low Speed/Low altitude/overtrees Catastrophic Frequent Extreme 2) Aircraft Operation w/doors removed Catastrophic Occasional High 3) Unimproved Landing Zone Critical Likely High 4) Crew Fatigue Critical Likely High 5) Blade Strike Occasional Critical High 6) Engine Failure Catastrophic Unlikely Medium 7) Weather Moderate Likely Medium These ratings based on unmitigated hazards Unit 6 Risk Management

20. Risk Assessment Matrix Unit 6 Risk Management

21. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Step 4 – Implement Controls – Decision Point

22. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management • What are controls? • A control is any kind of action that is taken to mitigate the risks that have been identified. • These controls can range from writing a special-use action plan to simply conducting a short safety briefing.

23. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Once controls are implemented, reassess hazards to ensure that risk(s) have been mitigated to an acceptable level of safety.

24. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Incorporate selected controls into: • Brief the pilot • Brief personnel • Weigh and prioritize loads • Evaluate helispots

25. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management Step 5 - Supervise

26. Risk Management Applied Unit 6 Risk Management How do you supervise control actions? Brief – Ensure personnel know what to do Follow-up – People are doing what is expected Update – Evaluate the plan continually Adjust – Make changes as issues arise Debrief – After mission is completed Incorporate – Lessons learned for future use

27. Safety Management Systems (SMS) The ultimate goal of SMS is to provide an organizational framework or roadmap for developing and promoting a true safety culture, ultimately reducing our accident rate. Unit 6 Risk Management

28. Safety Management Systems (SMS) What does SMS do for us? • Takes a proactive, “systemic” (big-picture) approach to managing Aviation safety • Helps identify hazards and control measures to reduce risks • Provides for ongoing “quality assurance” Unit 6 Risk Management

29. Safety Management Systems (SMS) SMS is based on the following premises: • Every person in the organization accepts that safety is a conscious and ongoing mindset as opposed to simply a box to be checked. Unit 6 Risk Management

30. Safety Management Systems (SMS) Four “Pillars” or Components of SMS • Safety Policy • Safety Risk Management • Safety Assurance • Safety Promotion Unit 6 Risk Management

31. Discussion Point What do each of the four pillars mean to you? Unit 6 Risk Management

32. Unit Objectives Unit 6 Risk Management Describe the Risk Management process as applied to helicopter operations. Explain the purpose of the Safety Management System (SMS).