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Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes

Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes. Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf. Presentation Outline. Introduction Research Objectives Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes and Error Driven Controllers

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Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes

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  1. Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf

  2. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Research Objectives • Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes and Error Driven Controllers • Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research • Publications • Questions & Answers

  3. Introduction • Photovoltaics (PV) • PV cells • PV modules • PV arrays • PV systems: batteries, battery charge controllers, maximum power point trackers (MPPT), solid state inverters, rectifiers (battery chargers), generators, structure

  4. PV cell, PV module and PV array

  5. The Advantages of PV Energy • Clean and green energy source that has virtually no environmental polluting impact • Highly reliable and needs minimal maintenance • Costs little to build and operate • Modular and flexible in terms of sizes, ratings and applications

  6. Applications of PV Systems Stand-alone PV energy systems: • Small village electricity supply • Water pumping and irrigation systems • Cathodic protection • Communications • Lighting and small appliances • Emergency power systems and lighting systems Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems Electric utility systems

  7. PV Cell Model Current source: proportional to the light falling on the cell in parallel with a diode: • Temperature dependence of the photo-generated current (Iph). • Temperature dependence of the reverse saturation current of the diode D0 (I0). • Series resistance (Rs): gives a more accurate shape between the maximum power point and the open circuit voltage. • Shunt diode D0 with the diode quality factor set to achieve the best curve match. The circuit diagram of the solar cell

  8. Nonlinear I-V Characteristics of PV Cell

  9. I-V characteristics of a typical PV array with various conditions

  10. PV array equivalent circuit block model using the MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems software

  11. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) • The photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship, requiring an online search and identification of the optimal maximum operating power point. • MPPT controller is a power electronic DC/DC chopper or DC/AC inverter system inserted between the PV array and its electric load to achieve the optimum characteristic matching • PV array is able to deliver maximum available power that is also necessary to maximize the photovoltaic energy utilization

  12. Nonlinear (I-V) and (P-V) characteristics of a typical PV array at a fixed ambient temperature and solar irradiation condition

  13. The Performance of any Stand-alone PV System Depends on: • Electric load operating conditions/excursions/ switching • Ambient/junction temperature (Tx) • Solar insolation/irradiation variations (Sx)

  14. Research Objectives 1. Develop/test/validate full mathematical models for PV array modules and a number of stand-alone renewable photovoltaic and hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy utilization schemes in MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems software environment.

  15. Research Objectives (Continue) 2.Select parameters to validate a number of novel efficient low cost dynamic error driven maximum photovoltaic power tracking controllers developed by Dr. A.M. Sharaf for four novel low cost stand-alone renewable photovoltaic and hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy utilization schemes: • Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM converter PMDC motor drive scheme: PV-DC Scheme I. • Photovoltaic DC/DC dual converter scheme: PV-DC Scheme II. • Photovoltaic DC/AC six-pulse inverter scheme: PV-AC Scheme. • Hybrid renewable photovoltaic/wind energy utilization scheme: Hybrid PV/Wind Scheme.

  16. Low Cost Stand-alone Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Schemes and Error Driven Controllers • Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM converter PMDC motor drive scheme: PV-DC Scheme I. • Photovoltaic DC/DC dual converter scheme: PV-DC Scheme II. • Photovoltaic DC/AC six-pulse inverter scheme: PV-AC Scheme. • Hybrid renewable photovoltaic/wind energy utilization scheme: Hybrid PV/Wind Scheme.

  17. Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM Converter PMDC Motor Drive Scheme: PV-DC Scheme I Photovoltaic powered Four-Quadrant PWM converter PMDC motor drive system (Developed by Dr. A.M. Sharaf)

  18. Four-quadrant Operation of PWM Converter PMDC motor drive Quadrant 1: Forward motoring (buck or step-down converter mode) Q1–on Q2–chopping Q3–off Q4–off Current freewheeling through D3 and Q1 Quadrant 2: Forward regeneration (boost or step-up converter mode) Q1–off Q2–off Q3–off Q4–chopping Current freewheeling through D1 and D2 Quadrant 3: Reverse motoring (buck converter mode) Q1–off Q2–off Q3–on Q4–chopping Current freewheeling through D1 and Q3 Quadrant 4: Reverse regeneration (boost converter mode) Q1–off Q2–chopping Q3–off Q4– off Current freewheeling through D3 and D4

  19. Variation of ambient temperature (Tx) Variation of solar irradiation (Sx) Variations of Ambient Temperature and Solar Irradiation

  20. Dynamic Error Driven Proportional plus Integral (PI) Controller Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system

  21. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller for Trapezoidal Reference Speed Trajectory

  22. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller for Trapezoidal Reference Speed Trajectory (Continue)

  23. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller for Sinusoidal Reference Speed Trajectory

  24. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller for Sinusoidal Reference Speed Trajectory (Continue)

  25. Dynamic Error Driven Self Adjusting Controller (SAC) Dynamic tri-loop self adjusting control (SAC) system

  26. Digital Simulation Results with SAC for Trapezoidal Reference Speed Trajectory

  27. Digital Simulation Results with SAC for Trapezoidal Reference Speed Trajectory (Continue)

  28. Digital Simulation Results with SAC for Sinusoidal Reference Speed Trajectory

  29. Digital Simulation Results with SAC for Sinusoidal Reference Speed Trajectory (Continue)

  30. Photovoltaic DC/DC Dual Converter Scheme: PV-DC Scheme II Stand-alone photovoltaic DC/DC dual converter scheme for village electricity use

  31. Dynamic Error DrivenProportional plus Integral (PI) Controller Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system

  32. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller Without controller With PI controller

  33. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller (Continue) Without controller With PI controller

  34. Dynamic Error Driven Variable Structure Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Dynamic dual-loop error driven variable structure Sliding Mode Control (SMC) system

  35. Switching surface in the (et-ėt) phase plane

  36. Digital Simulation Results with SMC Without controller With SMC

  37. Digital Simulation Results with SMC (Continue) Without controller With SMC

  38. Photovoltaic DC/AC Six-pulse Inverter Scheme: PV-AC Scheme Stand-alone photovoltaic DC/AC six-pulse inverter scheme for village electricity use

  39. Variation of ambient temperature (Tx) Variation of solar irradiation (Sx) Variations of Ambient Temperature and Solar Irradiation

  40. Dynamic Error Driven Proportional plus Integral (PI) Controller Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system

  41. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller Without controller With PI controller

  42. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller (Continue) Without controller With PI controller

  43. Dynamic Error Driven Variable Structure Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) Dynamic tri-loop error driven variable structure Sliding Mode Control (SMC) system

  44. Digital Simulation Results with SMC Without controller With SMC

  45. Digital Simulation Results with SMC (Continue) Without controller With SMC

  46. Hybrid Renewable Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Scheme: Hybrid PV/Wind Scheme Stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy utilization scheme for village electricity use

  47. Variation of wind speed (Vw) Variations of Wind Speed (Vw)

  48. Dynamic Error DrivenProportional plus Integral (PI) Controller Dynamic tri-loop error driven Proportional plus Integral control system

  49. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller Without controller With PI controller

  50. Digital Simulation Results with PI Controller (Continue) Without controller With PI controller

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