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Gerontechnology in perspective Herman Bouma

Gerontechnology in perspective Herman Bouma.

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Gerontechnology in perspective Herman Bouma

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  1. Gerontechnology in perspectiveHerman Bouma

  2. Overview Why GT; definitionGoals for aging people GT Impact Matrix: Impacts & domains of lifeGoals for Research and Development Understanding ‘ageing’ : gerontology Understanding innovation: technology Understanding GT: cross fertilization matrixSelection of matrix cells: Individual differences Inclusive design Situated learning; Technology generation Motivation and benefits GT History; Literature Conclusions for phd research

  3. Why GT?Gerontechnology has emerged because of two simultaneous developments in society: 1. demographic increase of aging people2. rapid evolution of technological environmentsGerontechnology aims at harvesting the fruits of technology innovation for aging people as well.

  4. Gerontechnology: definitionthe study of technology and agingfor ensuring an optimal technological environment of all aging peopleup to a high age

  5. Goals of ageing people • Products, services, and infrastructure serving private and public goals for their main life domains • Aspects: health, daily joy, dignity, mobility, autonomy, participation, citizenship,….. • Literature concepts: Successful aging; Quality of life (QoL)

  6. Third age and Fourth ageThird age: period with only minor physical and psychological restrictions and living an independent lifeFourth age: period of frailty and largely dependent on care, mainly near the end of life

  7. GT: Five domains of daily life • Health and Self-esteem • Housing and Daily living • Mobility and Transport • Communication and Information • Work and Leisure

  8. GT: Four goals • Enhancement and Satisfaction • Prevention and Engagement • Compensation and Assistance • Care Support and Organisation

  9. Some recent Technologyincluding infrastructure • Internet: e.g. e-mail; search machines; weblogs • Mobile phone; sms • Digital camera, digital photography • Navigation tools (GSM) • Games • Robots • Smart, adaptive products/systems; embedded software • Personal digital assistants (PDA) (How to keep track?)

  10. Goals of GT research and development (R&D) Understanding for a purpose: • Supporting the ageing body (nutrition, physiology) • Supporting the ageing mind (psychology) • Supporting social relations and interest in society (socialpsychology) • Supporting an enabling society (sociology) • Supporting health (medicine) :

  11. Gerontology Understanding of human ageing: • Nutrition; Physiology • Psychology; Social psychology • Sociology, Demography • Medicine, Rehabilitation, Epidemiology

  12. Supporting the ageing body • Nutrition: healthy and preventive nutrients • Physiology: regular exercise

  13. Supporting the ageing mind • Psychology: mental activities, learning; motivation; decision; skills • Social Psychology: contacts with family, friends, colleagues; Citizenship

  14. Supporting an enabling society • Sociology: worldly affairs close and far (Political Science, Economics, other countries,……) • Demography (age distribution, gender, housing, family composition, economics, skills,…….)

  15. Supporting health • Medicine (combating disease) • Rehabilitation (combating restrictions) • Epidemiology (sociology of disease) (incidence, prevalence; distribution)

  16. Innovative Technology Understanding developments in • Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics • Architecture, Building • Information, Communication, • Mechatronics, Robotics, • Ergonomics, Design • Business Management

  17. GT: InterdisciplineGerontechnology is interdisciplinary between: gerontology and technology disciplines Methods are often discipline-specific Few professionals are knowledgeable in both fields: collaboration necessary(cross-fertilization)

  18. Gerontechnology cross-fertilization matrix

  19. Individual differences Diversity of people increases with ageing • health (healthy, various restrictions, depression,…..) • family (single, spouse, children,….) • finances (poor, moderate, rich) • housing (indoor climate, suitability, neighbourhood,…..) • skills (working experience, computer,…) • almost any other aspect (‘ the only common aspect of older people is their age”) Spread measures more important than averageor median

  20. Inclusive design (design for all, universal design)Design of products or services for a target group that includes as many users possible:directed at the most restricted users User participation of target group essential.(various methods available)

  21. Standardisation/NormalisationNormalisation: products of different brands and products of different functionality share certain relevant properties (e.g. user interface); standardisation makes this mandatory within defined limits (international standardization committees)This is of great value for both old and young

  22. Situated LearningSituated learning: learning while doingaided by suitable on-line ‘smart’ instruction (logical, simple menu’s and prompts)Forgetting just occursForced unlearning does not work

  23. Motivation and benefits • Balance of benefits and costs benefits: functionality, impact costs: money, learning effort; temporal discount • Following friends and relatives (mimicry) • External persuasion (media)

  24. ) Generation (sociology)Birth cohorts of consecutive years that have lived through the same important life experiences in society (e.g. economic depression, presence of computers,… ……….)In particular the years until the age of 30 are decisive (formative years)

  25. Technology generationGeneration that has grown up in a certain important technological environment (unable to forget)(examples: functionalities mobile phone, user interface type: mechanical/electrical/menu)

  26. Physical and Psychological restrictionsGeneral: gradual slowing of functionsMobility: walking; equilibriumSensory: vision (acuity, field of view) hearing (noisy environments, speech; directional hearing)Motor: trembling (writing; fine motor skills) declining forceMemory: short term-, working-, prospective- , long term-)Multiple tasks: changing more difficult

  27. Brief history of GerontechnologyBefore 1990: Technology and ageing (ergonomics for old people; aids for the handicapped)International congressesEindhoven 1991; Helsinki 1996; Munich 1999; Miami 2002; Nagoya 2005; Pisa 2008 International Society for Gerontechnology 1997+Gerontechnology quarterly journal 2001+ISG discussion site 2004+Masterclasses Eindhoven 2006, 2007, Taiwan 2007 Pisa 2008Regional chapters Japan 2006+; Netherlands /Flandres 2007+ Taiwan 2007+ France 2007+ Italy 2008?

  28. GT Community and its literature • International Society for Gerontechnology (ISG)www.gerontechnology.info individual and corporate membership • Discussion site: isg_discussion-bounces@jdc.org.il from Lawrence Normie [LRNormie@jdc.org.il] • Selection of literature: • Bouma, Graafmans (eds). Gerontechnology (1992) • Graafmans, Taipale, Charness (eds): Gerontechnology: A sustainable Investment in the Future (1998) • Harrington, Harrington (eds) Gerontechnology: Why and How (2000) • Pieper, Vaarama, Fozard(eds)Gerontechnology:3rd Millennium(2002) • GERONTECHNOLOGY Quarterly Journal (Since 2001/2002) Presently: volume 6 (2007) Website www.gerontechjournal.net

  29. Conclusion for phd research • Make GT goals explicit • Select colleagues in other discipline • Involve ageing people of target group • Situate results in real environment • Become fluent in English • Keep digesting relevant literature • Take an active part in GT activities

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