Output

1. Output

2. What is Output? • Data that has been processed into a useful form • Data  Input Processing Information  Output • Several types of OUTPUT depending on • Hardware being used • Software being used

3. Types of Output • Text Memos, letters, press releases, reports, advertisements • Graphics Logos, charts, drawings, clip art, photographs • Audio Music, audio clips, accompaniments to narrations or speeches, radio/TV shows, podcasts • Video Vodcasts, video blogs, news reports, sporting events, weather conditions, music videos, movies • Output Device • Any type of hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. • Printers, speakers, head phones, earphones, fax machines, projectors, game controllers with rumble packs

4. Output Activity • There are four main categories of computer output. • There are multiple forms of output for each of the four categories. • Find examples of each form of output using the internet. • Copy and paste examples onto a PowerPoint slide and label each of the examples. • Do the same with examples of output devices • Use the following Example as a guide.

5. (example) Text • Text Output • Memos • Letters • press releases • Reports • Advertisements • Output Devices • Businesses and schools use laser printers • Home users and students use ink jet printers Home Business/School

6. Text Output • Memos • Letters • Press releases

7. Text Output Cont. • Reports • Advertisements

8. Audio • Music/audio clips • accompaniments to narrations or speeches • radio/TV shows • podcasts

9. Display Devices • Display Device • An output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information • Consists of Screen and components that produce image on screen • Soft copy • Information on a display device that exists electronically for a temporary period

10. Display Devices • Monitor • Display device packaged as a separate peripheral • Tilt-and-swivel base for adjustment (most) • Controls for brightness, contrast, positioning, height/width of images, speakers (some) • Mobile Devices • Have integrated displays attached by hinge • Most display in color • Some still Monochrome • One color display

11. Types of Display Devices • Flat-Panel display • Lightweight display, shallow depth, flat screen • Typically use LCD (liquid crystal display) or gas plasma technology • CRT monitors • Monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube (large sealed glass tube) • 3 tiny dots of phosphor (red, green, blue) coat screen make each pixel • Electron beam moves back and forth causes dots to glow creating image on screen • Much larger footprint (take up more space, hard to trash)

12. LCD Monitors and Screens • AKA flat panel monitor • Has a sharp, flicker-free image • Small footprint, wall mountable (some) • Various sizes 15” to 40” (diagonal measure) • Larger monitors $$$$ • Working with graphics requires larger monitor

13. LCD Monitors and Screens Cont. • Side-by-side or stacked monitors • Used to run multiple programs simultaneously • Music editors • video editors • network admins • Gamers • Researchers • web/graphic designers …

14. LCD Technology • Liquid crystal display (LCD) • Liquid compound used to present information on a display device • Liquid crystal cells sandwiched between two sheets of material • Light waves sent towards crystals from back to front • Electrical charge passes through cells causing bending/twisting of cells • Bending/twisting allows some light to pass through creating image

15. LCD Quality • Main difference in the two • How electrical charge is provided to liquid crystal cells • Passive Matrix Technology • Original LCD technology used • All cells receive same amount of charge • Darker images, not as sharp • Active Matrix Technology • aka (TFT thin-film transistor)display • Newer LCD technology used • Brighter, crisper image • Each individual cell receives individual charge

16. Next Generation LCD • Organic LED (OLED) • Even brighter cell molecules • Cheaper to make • Consume less energy • Can be fabricated on flexible surfaces • Resolution • # of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device • EXAMPLE • 1600 x 1200 resolution • 1600 pixels per horizontal row • 1200 pixels per vertical column • 1,920,000 pixels total in screen image

17. LCD Quality • 5 Areas: resolution, response time, brightness, dot pitch, contrast ratio • Native Resolution • LCDs are geared for specific Resolution setting • Check monitors documentation for this setting • WARNING • Stores use different resolution settings for sale purposes • You must change settings upon purchase • Response Time • Time it takes to turn pixel on/off • Measured in milliseconds (ms) • Most LCDs range from 5 ms to 16 ms (lower # = faster)

18. LCD Quality • Brightness • Measured in nits • Unit of visible light = to 1 candela (candlepower) • LCDs range from 250 – 550 nits (higher is better) • Dot pitch (pixel pitch) • Distance between pixels on display • Text created with smaller dot pitch easier to read • LCDs range .28 mm or lower (lower = sharper image) • Contrast Ratio • Difference in light intensity between the brightest white and darkest black that can be displayed on monitor • LCDs range today from 400:1 to 800:1 (higher ratio = represent colors better)

19. Graphics Chips, Ports, and LCD Monitors • Cable on monitor plugs into system unit • Enables communications from graphics chip • Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is the chip • Controls display of graphics on monitor • Located on motherboard or video card • Video cards contain fan or heat sink • prevents overheating of chips • Some GPUs are built into the motherboard

20. Graphics Chips, Ports, and LCD Monitors • LCDs use Digital Video Interface port • Enables digital signal transfer (highest quality) • Most system units still have • Standard monitor port • S-video port • Connect tv, dvd player, video recorder to computer

21. Graphics Chips, Ports, and LCD Monitors • Aspect Ratio • Displays width relative to its height. • 2:1 display is twice as wide as it is tall • To show images, display device and graphics processing unit must have same video standard • Bit depth (color depth) • # of bits used to store info about each pixel • Video card with 24-bit depth uses 24 bits per pixel • Today’s video cards typical range 24 to 32-bit depth • Higher bit depth = better graphics

22. Plasma Monitors • Uses gas plasma technology • Sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates • When voltage applied, gas releases UV (ultraviolet)light • UV light causes pixels to glow and form image • Pros (compared to LCDs) • Can be larger in size • Rich colors • Cons (compared to LCDs) • More expensive

23. Televisions • Used as monitors • Advantages • Higher quality picture • Larger screen • HDTV (high-definition television) • Most advanced form of digital television • Digital picture • Digital sound • Digital transmission to TV • GREAT FOR GAMING!!!!!

24. CRT Monitors • Desktop monitor • Contains cathode-ray tube • CRT is large, sealed glass tube • ENERGY STAR program • Developed by Department of Energy (DOE) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power when not in use • Devices get ENERGY STAR label on package • Electromagnetic Radiation • Small amounts given off by CRT monitors • Excessive amounts pose health risks • To protect self sit arms length away from monitor

25. Quality of a CRT Monitor • Depends on resolution, dot pitch, refresh rate • Average display 1280 x 1024 pixels • Average display of low quality LCD 1600 x 1200 pixels • Average dot pitch .27 • This is same for low quality LCD • Average refresh rate is 68 Hz • Image on screen redraws itself vertically 68 times per second

26. Case Study 2 • Several of the administrative assistants in your company say they need larger monitors • They claim the small monitors are hard on their eyes • Your boss wants YOU to explore widescreen monitors versus side-by-side (dual ) monitors. • Find examples of both • Product description • Image of each • Costs • Advantages and Disadvantages of each • (paragraph for each type of monitor) • Your recommendation to the boss • (one paragraph)

27. Printers • Output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film • Hard copy or printout • Printed information • Portrait orientation • Taller than it is wide • Landscape orientation • Wider than it is tall • Bluetooth Printing • Transmission of output to a printer via radio waves • Infrared Printing • Transmission of output to a printer via infrared light waves

28. Types of Printers • Impact Printers • Typewriters • Dot-Matrix • Nonimpact Printers • Form characters and graphics without actually striking the paper. • Ink-Jet printers • Photo printers • Laser printers • Thermal printers • Label and postage printers • Plotters • Large-format printers • Mobile printers

29. Ink-Jet Printers • Spray tiny drops of liquid ink onto paper • Popular home black, color printer • Prints from 1200 to 4800 dpi • Speed: 6 to 33 ppm • Cost less than $100.00 • Plain paper • Envelopes • Labels • Index cards • Greeting card paper • transparencies

30. Laser Printer • High-speed, high-quality nonimpact • Popular bw/color printer home, small office • 1200 to 2400 dpi • 12 to 35 ppm • Cost range: $200.00 to $2,000.00 • Built in memory • Uses laser beam and powdered ink, toner • Laser beam produces image on drum • Light alters electrical charge wherever it touches drum • Toner sticks to area where electrical change occurred • Toner costs $50.00 to $100.00 • Prints around 5,000 pages per toner cartridge

31. Laser Printer Memory • Small business might have • Laser printer with 544 MB and 20 GB hard disk • Full page picture takes around 32 MB of memory to print

32. How Printers Communicate • Page description language (PDL) • Two types • Printer Control Language (PCL) • Developed by Hewlett-Packard • Supports fonts and layouts of standard office documents • PostScript • Supports high end graphics and colors • Widely used in publishing and graphic arts fields

33. Thermal Printers • Generate image by • Pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper • Basic models inexpensive • Low quality • Images fade over time • Gas pumps use this type of printing • High end thermal printers (cost thousands) • Dye-sublimation printer • photography studios • Medical labs • Security id systems • Low end thermal printers (cost around $100.00) • Digital photo printer for home of office

34. Mobile Printers • Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer • Users print from notebook, tablet PC, PDA, Smartphone • Use ink-jet or thermal printing methods • USB or wireless

35. Label and Postage Printers • Label • Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material • Can be placed on • Envelopes • Packages • CDs • DVDs • Postage • Built in scale • Prints postage stamps • Connects via computer to account with postal service

36. Impact Printers • Form characters/graphics by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that contacts the paper • Noisy • Near letter quality (NLQ) output • Less clear, no longer acceptable in business letters • used for envelopes, mailing labels • Great for printing through many pages (multiple copies) • Withstand dust, vibrations, extreme temps • Two Types • Dot-Matrix • Prints using tiny wire pins on a printhead • Line Printer • Prints entire line at a time

37. Plotters and Large Format Printers • Plotters • Sophisticated printers used to produce high-quality drawings • Large-format printers • Uses ink-jet technology on a large scale to create photo-realistic quality color prints

38. Speakers, Headphones, and Earphones • Audio output device • Produces music, speech, or other sounds such as beeps • Surround Sound Speakers generate a higher-quality sound • Satellite speakers • Subwoofer • Center channel speaker • Headphones • Cover the outside of the ear • Earphones (earbuds) • Rest inside the ear canal • Voice output • When you hear a person’s voice or when the computer talks to you through the speakers

39. Case Study 3 • Printing requirements vary greatly among users. Find an appropriate printer for each of the following groups. • Home owner, personal use • Small business owner • Large business with a need of form printing • Be sure to answer the following questions for each printer selected • Product name • Cost • Type of printer (impact or non-impact) • Will it print graphics • Is it USB or wireless • Is it a network printer • How many copies from a single ink/toner cartridge • Other uses (envelopes, mailing labels …) • Cost of replacement ink/toner • Prepare three separate slides, one for each printer type • Use bullets to describe your printer choices

40. Other Output Devices • Fax machines • Multifunction Peripherals • Single device that provides functionality of printer, scanner, copy machine • Data Projectors • Takes the text/images on screen and projects them onto larger screen • Digital light processing (DLP) projector • Uses tiny mirrors to reflect light • Crisp, bright, colorful images • Seen well even in bright room • Force-Feedback Joysticks, Wheels, Gamepads

41. Output Devices for Physically Challenged • Hearing • Display words instead of sounds • Vision • Magnifier to enlarge text • Change color of text for easier reading • Braille printer • Use Narrator instead of commands being displayed

42. Case Study 4 • Three advertising agents at a local company want to go off on their own and start a new company of approximately 10 employees. • They’ve asked your group to prepare a presentation of the logistics needed to operate the company. • Determine the type of technology devices you think they will need within the office and create a professional presentation to earn their trust and their business! (cont. next slide)

43. Case Study 4 • One last requirement… • One of them is 100% blind and will work with a word processing application on a daily basis while at work • You must address his specific needs!

44. Case Study 4 • Consider the types and number of • Printers • Display devices • Audio devices • Microphones • LCD projectors • Fax machines? • Multifunctional peripherals? • Physically challenged??? • Find examples and prices of recommended devices • Combine your findings in a PowerPoint listing advantages and disadvantages of the devices • Include an explanation of why you selected each device. (sample on next slide)

45. Office solutions INC. Providing high quality solutions for your low budget business decisions

46. Printers • Samsung SCX-5635FN Network-Ready Laser Printer • Prints and Scans • Up to 35 pages per minute • 80,000 pages per month duty cycle • 1.6 cents per page • Cost: $638.00 • This printer will provide network printing capabilities to each of the employees • Advantages • Requires less space compared to individual devices • Costs less than buying individual devices separately • Disadvantages • If the machine breaks down, all printing stops