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PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS. SUBJECT, OBJECT AND EMPHATIC FORMS. SUBJECT. DIR. OBJECT INDIR. OBJECT EMPHATIC. me me moi te te toi le ( Reflexive: se) lui lui la ( Reflexive: se lui elle - ( Reflexive: se) - soi nous nous nous vous vous nous

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PRONOUNS

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  1. PRONOUNS

  2. SUBJECT, OBJECT AND EMPHATIC FORMS SUBJECT DIR. OBJECT INDIR. OBJECT EMPHATIC me me moi te te toi le (Reflexive: se) lui lui la(Reflexive: se lui elle - (Reflexive: se) - soi nous nous nous vous vous nous les (Reflexive: se) leur eux les(Reflexive: se) leur elles • je • tu • il • elle • on (`one’, `you’) • nous • vous • ils • elles

  3. ON • This pronoun corresponds normally to English one (formal) or impersonal you (informal): • On donne l’argent à la secrétaire (One gives/You give the money to the secretary) • The pronoun is also used as a substitute or intensifier for a personal pronoun, especially for nous: • On attend depuis une heure (We’ve been waiting for an hour) • Nous on marche, nous on tue, nous on crève (We march, we kill, we die)

  4. LE, LA, LES • These words come from Latin words meaning `that’ and `those’ and were originally used both as adjectives and as pronouns (just like `that’ in English) • Their meaning as adjectives gradually weakened so they became used as a definite article (English `the’) • le cochon: that pig > the pig • la vache: that cow > the cow • As pronouns they came to have the meaning `him’, `her’ and `them’ • Paul le voit: Paul sees that (male) > Paul sees him • Paul les voit: Paul sees those > Paul sees them

  5. POSITION OF OBJECT PRONOUNS • The object pronouns are normally placed in front of the verb – this was the original position of noun objects also. • Je vois le chat v. Je le vois • When there is more than one pronoun, the order is: • 1: me, te, se, nous, vous • 2: le, la, les • 3: lui, leur • Examples: • Je te le donne = I give him/it (masc.) to you • Tu la lui as donnée = You have given her/it (fem) to him • Nous le leur montrons – We show him/it (masc) to them.

  6. SPELLING RULE • When we use an object pronoun with the perfect tense, the ending of the participle agrees with the gender and number of the object: • J’ai vu Paul > Je l’ai vu (le/la before a Vowel = l’ __) • J’ai vu Marie > Je l’ai vue • J’ai vu Paul et Charles > Je les ai vus • J’ai vu Marie et Mireille > Je les ai vues. • This is because originally the past participle was an adjective agreeing with the object of the simple verb `have’. Later on people came to feel that `have’ and the past participle made a single verb together but the agreement was still kept: • I have a seen girl > I have seen a girl.

  7. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN • J’aime MarieJe l’aime • Je vois Marie et AnneJe

  8. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN • J’aime MarieJe l’aime • Je vois Marie et AnneJe les aime • J’ai donné le cadeau à JimJe

  9. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN J’aime MarieJe l’aime Je vois Marie et AnneJe les vois J’ai donné le cadeau à JimJele lui ai donné Je montre l’école aux élèves Je

  10. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN J’aime MarieJe l’aime Je vois Marie et AnneJe les vois J’ai donné le cadeau à JimJele lui ai donné Je montre l’école aux élèvesJela leur montre On n’a pas vu les enfantsOn

  11. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN • J’aime MarieJe l’aime • Je vois Marie et AnneJe les vois • J’ai donné le cadeau à JimJele lui ai donné • Je montre l’école aux élèvesJela leur montre • On n’a pas vu les enfantsOn ne les a pas vus • Est-ce qu’il m’a donné l’argent? • Est-ce qu’il

  12. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORD WITH A PRONOUN • J’aime MarieJe l’aime • Je vois Marie et AnneJe les vois • J’ai donné le cadeau à JimJele lui ai donné • Je montre l’école aux élèvesJela leur montre • On n’a pas vu les enfants On ne les a pas vus • Est-ce qu’il m’a donné l’argent? • Est-ce qu’il me l’a donné?

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