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AP European History Chapter 13 : Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850) Pg#462-479

AP European History Chapter 13 : Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850) Pg#462-479. Learning Objectives. How did industrialization spread across Europe? How did industrialization change the European labor force? What role did women play in the industrial revolution?

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AP European History Chapter 13 : Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850) Pg#462-479

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  1. AP European History Chapter 13: Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850) Pg#462-479

  2. Learning Objectives • How did industrialization spread across Europe? • How did industrialization change the European labor force? • What role did women play in the industrial revolution? • How did the establishment of police forces and the reform of prisons change society? • How did socialism challenge classical economics? • Why did a series of revolutions erupt across Europe in 1848?

  3. Chapter Outlines • Toward Industrial Society • The labor force • Family structures and the Industrial Revolution • Women in the early Industrial Revolution • Problems of crime and order • Early socialism • 1848: Year of Revolution • In perspective

  4. Vocabulary • proletarianization • confection • London Working Men’s Association • cottage industries • English Factory Act of 1833 • Utopian Socialists • anarchism • utilitarianism • Pan-Slavism • Marxism • David Ricardo • Thomas Malthus • Adam Smith • Saint-Simonianism • Owenism

  5. Toward Industrial Society I. England: “The World’s workshop” Modern effects of the “enclosure system” English “enclosure system”

  6. Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914

  7. British Pig Iron Production

  8. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The Water Frame

  9. Factory Production I. Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. a. Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. b. Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor. c. Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

  10. Textile Factory Workers in England

  11. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  12. Textile Factory Workers

  13. British Coin Portraying a Factory

  14. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

  15. Jacquard’s Loom

  16. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Power Loom John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  17. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Steam tractor James Watt’s steam engine

  18. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Steam ship Early steam engine(locomotive)

  19. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution Later locomotives

  20. Impact of the Railroad

  21. “The Great Land Serpent”

  22. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

  23. Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on Display

  24. Crystal Palace: American Pavilian

  25. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche I. The "Haves": Bourgeois Life Thrived on the Luxuries of the Industrial Revolution

  26. Criticism of the Bourgeoisie

  27. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

  28. Problems of Pollution The Silent Highwayman-1858

  29. The New Industrial City

  30. Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

  31. Worker Housing in Manchester

  32. Factory Workers at Home

  33. Factory Housing in Newcastle Today

  34. Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

  35. The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

  36. Protests/Reformers The Luddites: 1811-1816 Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

  37. The Luddite “Triangle”

  38. The “Peoples’ Charter” II. Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett. a. Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832. b. Votes for all men. c. Equal electoral districts. d. Abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners. e. Payment for Members of Parliament. f. Annual general elections. g. The secret ballot.

  39. The Anti-Corn League, 1845 III. Trade & Global Competition a. Give manufactures more outlets for their products. b. Expand employment. c. Lower the price of bread. d. Make British agriculture more efficient and productive. e. Expose trade and agriculture to foreign competition. f. Promote international peace through trade contact.

  40. The New Ways of Thinking IV. New Economics a. Population growth willoutpace the food supply. b. War, disease, or famine could control population. c. The poor should have less children. d. Food supply will then keep up with population.

  41. David Ricardo V. New Economics a.“IronLaw of Wages.” 1. When wages are high,workershave more children. b. More children create 2. a large labor surplus that depresses wages.

  42. The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill VI. Utilitarians a. The goal of society is “the greatest good for the greatest number”. b. There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.

  43. The Socialists:Utopians & Marxists VII. Utopians & Marxism a. People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals. b. Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few. c. Tried to build perfect communities [utopias]. Carl Marx Friedrich Engeles

  44. The Revolutions of 1848“The Springtime of Peoples” VIIIRevolutions a. The “Hegelian Dialectic” 1. History advances through conflict. 2. One phase of history creates its opposite [ex: absolutism to democracy]. Antithesis Thesis Synthesis George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[1744-1803]

  45. Pre-1848 Tensions: Long-Term c. Industrialization 1. Economic challenges to rulers. 2. Rapid urbanization. 3. Challenges to the artisan class. d. Population doubled in the 18c 1. Food supply problems  Malthus e. Ideological Challenges 1. Liberalism, nationalism, democracy, socialism. f. Romanticism g. Repressive Measures 1. Carlsbad Decrees [Prus.] 2. Six Acts [Eng.] c. Secret police created in many European states.

  46. Pre-1848 Tensions: Short-Term h. Agricultural Crises 1. Poor cereal harvests 2. prices rose 60% in one year. c. Potato blight  Ireland d. Prices rose 135% for food in one year! I. Financial Crises 1. Investment bubbles burst  railways, iron, coal. 2. Unemployment increased rapidly a. artisan class suffered during this time period. Prince Metternich of Austria

  47. Pre-1848 Tensions: Short-Term

  48. No Coherent Organized Revolutions IV. Revolutions in Europe a. Many different reasons for revolutionary activities. b. Reactions to long- and short-term causes. c. Competing ideologies in different countries. d. Different revolutionary leaders, aims, and goals in different countries. e. Some countries had no revolutions: a. England. b. Russia.

  49. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain X. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain a. Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), pioneer in industrialization 1. colonial empire, expanding Atlantic trade, mercantilist system of trade 2. cheap costs for food, more money to spend on other items besides necessities 3. available capital, stable govt., economic freedom, mobile labor force 4. Industrial Revolution began Great Britain, 1780’s, European Continent after 1815

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