Ch 3 Test

1. Ch3 Test • Vocab • Short Answer • Multiple Choice • Essays (you will do 2 of the 3)

2. Essays The Great Compromise resolved the key issue at the Philadelphia Convention. Explain what the key issue was, how it was resolved AND why this compromise is considered SO important to the United States. Federalist and Anti-Federalists had a VERY different view of the Constitution. Detail the arguments for each side. How was this disagreement resolved? Explain the AMENDING PROCESS? Why was it made so intentionally hard? Do you believe that the Constitution is a “living and breathing document?” WHY

3. Federalism Chapter 3

4. What Does the Constitution Say about FEDERALISM? Nothing Federalism is implied by: a. powers divided between the states and the federal government b. stated obligations to the states * A republican form of government * Protection from invasion

5. FEDERALISM: A system of government where power is divided between a national government and regional governments

6. State Powers State Constitutional Responsibilities/Limitation * Ratify Amendments * States hold regular elections * State cannot enter into treaties * State cannot pass bills of attainder, expost facto laws or impair contracts, or grant titles of nobility * State cannot lay duties on imports or exports * State cannot keep troops (wage war) Most legislation dealing with health, safety and morals

7. State Obligations Clearly stated in the Constitution Full Faith and Credit Extradition Privileges and Immunities

8. Divided Powers Are Not Always Equal The Constitution is the SUPREME law of the land Only federal government can make treaties

9. National Supremacy Implied Powers (Necessary and Proper Clause) Commerce Clause Civil War Civil Rights (14th Amendment)

10. Federalism Has Changed Over Time From a layer cake concept (Dual Federalism) to a Marble cake concept (Cooperative Federalism) Changes ahead? (Health Care decision)

11. Federalism has changed

12. Fiscal Federalism Money, rather than force, has been the tool used by the national government to exert influence over state policies Grants-in-aid are used both to assist state and local governments and to encourage compliance Dual Federalism: Each level of government is supreme in its own sphere Cooperative Federalism: Powers and policies are shared between state and national governments.

13. Grants-In-Aid There are two types of federal grants – both have strings attached Block Grants Categorical Grants

14. Block Grants These grants are given almost automatically to support broad programs (eg a block grant for post secondary education) States determine the specifics of distributing this grant money

15. Block Grant Strings Nondiscrimination requirements Environmental impact statements Union pay scale for construction grants

16. Categorical Grants There are two types of categorical grants project grants formula grants

17. Project Grants These are awarded according to specific projects They are competitive and must be applied for

18. Formula Grants These are grants where the amount is given out by formulas and differ from state to state Formulas may be population, income, or other formulas Examples are Medicaid, community development programs, WIC, employment training These grants are not applied for

19. Strings Money can be dependent upon doing certain things Example – Federal Highway money dependent upon raising drinking age to 21 Example – No Child Left Behind Act – money dependent upon developing state tests

20. Federal Mandates • States have complained about unfunded federal mandates – grants that require states to pay for federally mandated programs • FUNDED – Congress allocates the funds to carry out the directives of the laws they pass • UNFUNDED – Laws passed without the funding. The states are expected to pick up the costs. This had become more and more common

21. HOWEVER . . . The Supreme Court decision concerning the Constitutionality of the Health Care Act stated that the federal government could not coerce cooperation by withholding funds What does this do to unfunded federal mandates? What could be the implication?

22. Your Text Asks Questions Does federalism lend itself to more democracy? Does federalism make government more responsive or just more complicated? Why has the federal government grown so much and has that been at the expense of the states?

23. More Democratic? More people can participate in government More access to power More opportunities for interest groups to have demands met

24. With Federalism Policies are decided at the state level as well as the national level That can create tension (Arizona’s immigration laws) It also encourages experimentation at the state level (health care, Indiana, Mass.)

25. With Federalism Having states carry out federal policies can have uneven results dependent upon state resources Demands for uniformity have enlarged the scope of the federal government

26. Review – Chapters 1-3 • Chapter One • What is Government/Why do we need Government • Politics • Policymaking System • Scope of Government in America • Chapter Two • Origins of the Constitution • The Government that failed (Articles of Confederation) • The Constitutional Convention (The Philadelphia Convention) • The Great Compromise/Madisonian Model • Ratifying the Constitution • Chapter Three • Defining Federalism • Constitutional basis for Federalism • Intergovernmental Relations Today • Understanding Federalism