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Scientific Revolutions: Historical Perspective 

Scientific Revolutions: Historical Perspective . After the Scientific Revolution: Newtonianism. Newtonianism as a Paradigm for Science in General.

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Scientific Revolutions: Historical Perspective 

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  1. Scientific Revolutions: Historical Perspective  After the Scientific Revolution: Newtonianism

  2. Newtonianismas a Paradigm for Science in General Explanations about nature in terms of perfect, elastic particles, working under “central” forces, whose actions can be explained in precise mathematical terms

  3. מאה 18 Exposition du système du monde (1796) Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace(1749-1827)

  4. Hermann von Helmholtz(1821-1894)

  5. Newtonianism Richard Bentley (1662-1742) Boyle Lectures (1692-1694) Newton = Christian Faith = Stable Universe = Stable political system

  6. Newtonianism John TheophilusDesaguliers (1683-1744)

  7. Newtonianism Francis Hauksbee (1666-1713)

  8. Newtonianism - British Calculus Colin Maclaurin (1698-1746) Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754) Brook Taylor (1685-1731)

  9. Newtonianism - European Calculus Jacob Bernoulli (1654-1705) Guillaume de l'Hôpital (1661-1704) Johann Bernoulli (1667-1748)

  10. Newtonianism - European Calculus Leonhard Euler(1707-1783)

  11. Newtonianism George Berkeley (1685-1753)

  12. Newtonianism Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)

  13. Newtonianism Francesco Algarotti (1712-1764)

  14. Newtonianism Francesco Algarotti (1712-1764)

  15. Newtonianism The Newtonian system of philosophy, adapted to the capacities of young gentlemen and ladies (1761) “Tom Telescope”

  16. Newtonianism The Newtonian system … (1761) Tom Telescope: “A man may even at home and within himself see the wonders of God in the Works of the Creation.”

  17. Alexis Claude Clairaut(1713-1765)

  18. Marquis de L'Hôpital(1661-1704)

  19. Brachistochrone

  20. Brachistochrone

  21. François-Marie ArouetVoltaire(1689-1755)

  22. Marquise du Châtelet(1706-1749)

  23. Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759)

  24. 1744 Maupertuis: Principle of minimal action The amount of action required for any change in nature is the minimal possible one

  25. 1744 Maupertuis: Principle of minimal action A unifying principle valid for any natural phenomenon

  26. 1744 Maupertuis: Principle of minimal action I could have started from mathematical laws that are confirmed by experience, and tried to show how they reflect the wisdom and power of the supreme Being. But those laws can be uncertain since they are often not based on rigorous proofs or purely geometrical hypotheses. Therefore, I considered it more certain and useful to deduce mathematical laws from the attributes of an all-powerful and all-wise Being. If those derived laws are actually found in the universe, then the proof that this Being exists (and created those laws) is more certain.

  27. (1743)

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