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Oil Spill Compensation U.S. and China 船舶油污损害赔 偿中美比较研究

Oil Spill Compensation U.S. and China 船舶油污损害赔 偿中美比较研究. George W. Conk 乔治康克教授，高级研究员 Adjunct Professor & Senior Fellow Fordham Law School 福特 汉姆大学 - 纽约 gconk@law.fordham.edu Torts Today www.tortstoday.blogspot.com. 1. 1.

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Oil Spill Compensation U.S. and China 船舶油污损害赔 偿中美比较研究

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  1. Oil Spill CompensationU.S. and China 船舶油污损害赔偿中美比较研究 George W. Conk 乔治康克教授，高级研究员 Adjunct Professor & Senior Fellow Fordham Law School福特汉姆大学 - 纽约 gconk@law.fordham.edu Torts Today www.tortstoday.blogspot.com Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China 1 1

  2. How do the U.S. and Chinese oil pollution compensation systems differ? 中国的油污染赔偿法和美国相比有什么不同？ Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  3. Oil Spill Compensation Timeline • 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill • 1990 Oil Pollution Act • April – June 2010 Deepwater Horizon/BP spill • GCCF/BP temporary compensation program • May 2011 SPC opinion vessel oil spill compensation • June 2011 Bohai Bay Conoco/CNOOC spill Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  4. Oil Spill Compensation Timeline • December 2011Aquaculturists file suit in Tianjin • January 2012 Conoco/CNOOC settles w/ PRC • February 2012 Deepwater Horizon settlement • 38 fisheries group actions filed Tianjin and Qingdao Maritime Courts • Courts take no action on fishermen’s complaints • July 2012 Shandong fishermen file lawsuit in Texas Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  5. Aquaculturists petition Gov’t – March 2013 • "208 fish farmers asked the NDRC to order ConocoPhillips to compensate for losses caused by pollution from the 201 Bohai Bay oil spills.They claimed they lost about 500 million yuan ($80.45 million) from damage to their fisheries, but unlike farmers in nearby Laoting county, they received no compensation”. Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  6. BP’s Deep Water Horizon Gulf Oil Spill - April – July 2010 5 million barrels*墨西哥湾油污染世界上最大的油膜 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  7. Public claims by U.S. • Settled 解决方案 • Criminal penalties 惩罚 - $4 billion payable over 5 years • But Oil pollution act trial now underway for cleanup costs and Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act civil penalties处罚 • Trial issue: was BP grossly negligent • BP 重大过失或故意？ Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  8. OPA - Clean Water Act 美国政府请求对BP处罚 • U.S. seeks $17 billion civil penalties • 法官将决定 • Negligence 过失事故 • $1,000/barrel • 或者 • Gross negligence or willful misconduct • 重大过失或故意 $3,000/barrel Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  9. Oil Pollution Act (1990) 33 U.S.C. § 2702 • “...each responsible party for a vessel or a facility from which oil is discharged.... into or upon the navigable waters or adjoining shorelines ...is liable for the removal costs and damages ...that result from such incident.” • 被侵权人不用证明过错 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  10. Oil Pollution Act - 油污染立法33 U.S.C. 2705 • “The responsible party shall establish a procedure for the payment or settlement of claims for interim, short-term damages. “ • “造成油泄漏的责任人应当建立暂时性快速赔偿机制。” Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  11. 2010 - 2012 • BP-controlled temporary claims center • BP的索赔中心 • Total paid: $ 3,639,323,129.54 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  12. GCCF - Average temporary claim paid $$平均支付的暂时性赔 偿 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  13. Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  14. Economic loss zones 经济损失区 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  15. Deepwater Horizon Court-Supervised Settlement Program $7.8 billionwww.deepwaterhorizonsettlements.com • 110,000 law suits filed • 110，000 案件起诉 • Court-approved class action • 法院同意集体诉讼 • Court-supervised claims office • 法院监管索赔单位 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  16. Deepwater Horizon Court-Supervised Settlement Program $7.8 billionwww.deepwaterhorizonsettlements.com • Economic Settlement Awards to Date请 • 79，628 人请求赔偿 • 95% 同意 • 2012 年11 月6日 • 支付$ 1,357,711,475 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  17. Bohai Bay aquaculture渤海湾渔业 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  18. Bohai Bay Spill June 2011 3,000 barrels +/- 2011年6月渤海湾共有3000桶原油泄露 Conoco Phillips China Ltd.经营管理者：康菲中国 CNOOC 51%所有人：中海油 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  19. 中国海洋局的事故调查报告 • 油污染区 • 4,900 sq. km. 四千九百平方公里 • Total spill 3,500 barrels +/-桶 • Spill did not affect Shandong waters • 污染没有影响到山东水域 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  20. Bohai Bay - state compensation scheme Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  21. State compensation fund COPC – MOA 康菲和农业部达成协议设立的国家赔偿基金 • 2012年1月- ￥2.28 billion ($360 million) • 康菲和中海油将支付人民币1.683 billion • 1) compensation of economiclosses due to damage to natural aquatic organisms • 渔业赔偿 • 2) restoration of natural fishery resources • 自然渔业资源 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  22. Adequate compensation? • 河北乐亭县 • 虾203 元/每亩 ($32/acre/shrimp) • 扇贝 236元/每亩acre ($38/acre/scallops) • “take it or leave it” • Must sign general release Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  23. 29 Hebei fishermen file joint action in Tianjin Maritime Court November 18, 2011 • The only fisheries case to be “accepted” by any court 法院受理的唯一案件 • No further action taken by court • 法院没有进一步行动 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  24. Maritime Courts fail to act • 38 other “legal teams” file law suits • 其他三十八个起诉没有被立案 • Courts neither accept nor reject cases Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  25. Most fishermen accept the money • 大部分原告和政府达成协议 • Give up right to sue放弃诉讼的权利 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  26. PRC Environmental Protection Law (1989)中华人民共和国环境保护法 • Article 41A unit that has caused an environmental pollution hazard shall have theobligation to eliminate it and make compensation to the unit or individualthat suffered direct losses.  • 第四十一条 造成环境污染危害的，有责任排除危害，并对直接受到损害的单位或者个人赔偿损失。 Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  27. 海洋环境保护法 1999 • 第七十三条　违反本法有关规定，有下列行为之一的，由依照本法规定行使海洋环境监督管理权的部门责令限期改正，并处以罚款 • Does the ministry of agriculture have the right to decide for the fishermen? Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  28. 民事诉讼法第112条 • 人民法院收到起诉状或者口头起诉，经 审查，认为符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内立案，并通知当事人；认为不符合起诉条件的，应当在七日内裁定不予受理；原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉 • Why do the courts not act according to this law? Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  29. Civil Procedure law 112 • When a people’s court receives a motion of complaint… if the complaint does not meet the requirements of a civil lawsuit, the court shall, within seven days, make a ruling to reject the complaint. If the plaintiff does not agree with the ruling, he may appeal on the ruling. Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  30. Shandong Fishermen’s complaint in U.S. Federal Court in Texas • “ In China’s court system, an injured party must ask a Chinese government court for permission to bring a suit. The Shandong fishermen asked for permission to sue, but unsurprisingly, the Chinese government court has blocked the suit. ” • 法院不方便吗？ • 美国公司，中国公司一样不一样？ Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

  31. 美国法院应该受理中国渔民的起诉吗？ • Cong v. COPC– 联邦法院， 休士顿， 德克萨斯 - 在康菲的总公司附近 • Jurisdiction美国法院有管辖权? • Adequacy of Chinese forum • 中国的法律足够完善吗？ • Forum non-conveniens • 美国的法院合适吗？ Oil Spill Compensation - U.S. & China

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