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Passive and Active Voices

Passive and Active Voices. Unit Smart Servants. Grammar File. Part 1. When do we use it?. example 1. = direct object. = the subject. Alexander Fleming. discovered. penicillin. in 1928. Active voice:. = direct object. = the subject. Passive voice:. by. Alexander Fleming.

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Passive and Active Voices

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  1. Passive and Active Voices Unit Smart Servants. Grammar File. Part 1

  2. When do we use it? example 1 = direct object = the subject Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 Active voice: = direct object = the subject Passive voice: by Alexander Fleming Penicillin was discovered = passive subject = the Agent Complement in 1928 When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon than who or what is performing the action = To make the object of the active verb more important

  3. When do we use it? example 2 in the middle of the street in the morning. Active voice: A person attacked the victim = direct object = the subject Passive voice: in the middle of the street in the morning. The victim was attacked by a person When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon than who or what is performing the action = To make the object of the active verb more important

  4. When do we use it? When the agent is unknown in Catalan/ French/ Spanish … we use a special passive construction called … • La passiva reflexa En aquesta botiga els venedors parlen rus. Es parla rus. We speak English = English is spoken by us

  5. The passive sentence ACTIVE VOICE Shakespeare wrote many sonnets Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Passive Subject Passive Verb Agent by PASSIVE VOICE were (= van ser) written (=escrits) by

  6. Structure of the sentence WAS DISCOVERED Subject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action. The verb "to be" in the tense the action occurred. The Past Participle of the verb that represents the action itself. Whatever complements that verb needs. In a few special cases we can also use by + the agent.

  7. THE PASSIVE VERB to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) to BE gives us the tense of the action the principal verb is always in Past Participle

  8. Structure of the verb

  9. Part 2:

  10. The passive sentence The cinema academy ACTIVE VOICE gave a prize to Manel Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Indirect Object Passive Subject Passive Verb Direct Object Agent by PASSIVE VOICE was given by

  11. More passive stuff Subject+ verb passive +subordinate active verb in INFINITIVE. People think that Hèctor lives in Canillo = Active Hèctor is thought to live in Canillo. It is thought that Hèctor lives in Canillo. = anticipatory “it” sentence To live in Andorra is beautiful It is beautiful to live in Andorra. It = To live in Andorra Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find

  12. People say that Xavier started the fire = Active + action in the past It is said that he started the fire (action in the Past) = anticipatory “it” • Xavier is saidto have started the fire. (action in the Past) People know that Gemma is a good skier.= Gemma _______________________ to be a good skier. People think that Aldara is a good martial-art fighter.= ____________________ Aldara is a good martial-art fighter. = anticipatory “it”

  13. Examples 1/Theybuiltthis house in 1466 2/ This house was built in 1466 1/ Channel islanders speakFrench & English 2/ French & English is spoken by Channel islanders 1/ This book will change your life 2/ Your life will be changed bythis book

  14. Examples 1/ Theyhave cut the grass 2/ The grass has been cut 1/ My mother is going to give me a present 2/ I am going to be given a present by my mother 1/ Susanwrotean e-mail to him 1/ Hewas written an e-mail by Susan

  15. More examples 1/ Theycan’t answer your question 2/ Your question can’t be answered 1/ Someone had to take her to hospital after this 2/ Shehad to be takento hospital after the crash 1/ They shouldn’t allowthe children to do these things 2/ The children shouldn’t be allowed to do these things 1/ Someonemust tell him if we want him to know 2/ He must be told if we want him to know

  16. More passive stuff • GETis used instead of BE with passive meaning. Informal English. I got stuck in a traffic jam She is getting married • After NEED/WANTthe -ing form can be used with passive meaning This job needs doing That room wants cleaning

  17. More passive stuff HAVE + Object + Past Participle • HAVE/ GET somethingdone: Arranging for or paying for somebody to do something for you. (Get is more informal). He had his hair cut She got her carpet cleaned We have had our car mended They had got their book translated

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