Smog Check

1. Smog Check 2011 Update

2. Goals of this Class • Inspection Procedures • Aftermarket Parts • OBD II Practical Processes • Catalytic Converter Testing • Final Examination

3. Smog Check Inspection Procedures

4. Pre-Test Check List • Ensure all test equipment is up-to-date and maintained • Check for vehicle test restrictions and inform consumer if any apply • Ensure consumer is provided a proper estimate • Ensure vehicle is safe Page 1

5. Vehicle Identification • Technician Access • Vehicle Identification Information • Using the bar code scanner • Using vehicle registration documents • VID communication failures • Each tech is responsible the accuracy of the test Page 2 & 3

6. Emissions Tests • Before Test Conditions • No safety hazards • Vehicle is at operating temperature • All vehicle accessories are off • Verify proper test (TSI or ASM) • Verify tires are dry • Verify vehicle fits on dyno • Verify vehicle is restrained properly Page 5

7. Emissions Tests • Before Test Conditions (cont.) • Verify cooling fan is positioned correctly (72°) • Connect RPM pick-up • Insert tailpipe probe • Lower Hood (ASM) Page 5

8. Emissions Tests • Acceleration Simulation Mode (ASM) • 50/15 & 25/25 • Incompatible vehicle designs • “Non-disengagable” traction control • Full time all wheel drive • Too large to fit dyno • Hybrid vehicles • Heavy Duty Vehicles with a drive axle weight that exceeds 5,000 pounds when vehicle is unloaded Page 6

9. Emissions Tests - Preconditioning • Vehicle shall be warmed to operating temperature, and idle for at least 3 minutes immediately before starting the emissions tests • Technicians shall not attempt to superheat the catalyst • Refer to the Smog Check Inspection Procedures Manual, Page 5

10. Emissions Tests • ASM Gear Selection • Automatic (Drive) • Manual (Second gear) • TSI • 2500 RPM for 30 seconds • Idle mode • Refer to the Smog Check Inspection Procedures Manual, Page 7 Page 7

11. BAR Technician Performance Evaluation Bureau of Automotive Repair

12. Inspection Quality BAR’s strategy to clean the air relies on technicians properly failing those vehicles that should fail. Roadside testing and the Sierra Report both demonstrate that many vehicles that should fail the Smog Check inspection are not being failed appropriately.

13. Inspection Quality What are the most common ways to get a failing vehicle to improperly pass an inspection? • Not perform required elements of inspection (e.g., timing, fuel cap, LPFET, OBDII) • Reset OBDII systems prior to test to clear DTC’s • Over-condition ASM test vehicles (restart, abort tests) • Drive an ASM inspection in the incorrect gear • Direct cheating (clean piping, clean plugging, etc).

14. Inspection Quality • Test deviations measure departures from required inspection procedures as appropriate to the vehicle • Failing to inspect ignition timing • Failing to inspect the fuel cap • Failing to perform the LPFET test • Failing to perform the OBDIItest • Resetting OBDII systems without making repairs to get vehicle to “slip” through • Restartingor Aborting tests to provide second chance (over-conditioning) • Using the wrong transmission gear for the ASM test

15. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – Ignition Timing • Measures the rate at which each station fails to perform a timing inspection when most technicians indicate that the timing is adjustable • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is above average for similar vehicles

16. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – Fuel Cap • Measures the rate at which each station fails to perform a fuel cap pressure test when most technicians indicate that the fuel cap is testable • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is above average for similar vehicles

17. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – LPFET • Measures the rate at which each station fails to perform the LPFET when most technicians indicate that the vehicle’s evaporative system is testable • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is above average for similar vehicles

18. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – OBDII Test • Measures the rate at which each station fails to perform a OBDII test when most technicians indicate that the vehicle’s OBDII system is testable • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is greater than average for similar vehicles

19. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – OBDII Reset • Measures the rate at which each station passes vehicles with the exact number of necessary OBDII readiness monitors set in order to pass • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is greater than 125% of average for similar vehicles

20. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – ASM Restart • Measures the rate at which each station restarts ASM inspections • Deviation flag set when a station’s rate is greater than 125% of average for similar vehicles

21. Inspection Quality • Test Deviations – Inspection Abort • Measures the rate at which each station aborts inspections • Abort flag set when a station’s rate is greater than 5% of total inspection starts

22. Inspection Quality • Improper Gear Selection – ASM test • Manual Trans – test in 2ndgear (Page 7, Smog Check Manual) • Auto Trans – test in drive (Page 7, Smog Check Manual) • Engine RPM during tests indicates when vehicle in incorrect gear • RPM limits assigned by specific vehicle configuration • Example: 1989 Toyota Camry, 2.5l auto trans • Limit = 90 percentile + 300 rpm • Stations disqualified if more than 2% of vehicles were certified with RPM beyond limits in either ASM test mode

23. Inspection Quality • Improper gear selection – example of limit

24. Inspection Quality • Improper gear selection example: • 1989 Toyota Camry, 2.5l automatic

25. Inspection Quality • Improper gear selection example: • 1989 Toyota Camry, 2.5l automatic

26. Inspection Quality • Comparative Failure Rate (CFR)– serves as a basic litmus test for whether a technician is failing vehicles that should fail. • Compares the technician’s failure rate to the industry failure rate for the same type of vehicle.

27. Inspection Quality • Comparative Failure Rate The technician’s failure rate must be greater than or equal to 75% of the statewide failure rate for similar vehicles.

28. Inspection Quality • While the performance metrics discussed thus far will push performance higher, they can be manipulated • Examples – RPM simulators, entering vehicles as testable for certain program elements (e.g., LPFET) and then faking the test results, etc. • Solution: Introduce a robust long-term metric to ensure quality over the long haul

29. Inspection Quality - FPR • “Follow-up Pass Rate” (FPR) correlates current cycle pass rates to quality of inspection in the previous cycle • Comparison made across similar vehicles (Model year, make, model, engine size, transmission type, body shape, time since last inspection, previous inspection result, vehicle odometer)

30. Inspection Quality - FPR • Conceptual example: two hundred 1995 5.0L Ford Mustangs were high-emitting vehicles in the last inspection cycle. • Half were clean-piped, shifted into the wrong gear, or over-conditioned in order to pass their last inspection. • The other half were properly inspected, failed, and then repaired to legitimately pass their last inspection. • Vehicles from which group are more likely to pass in the current cycle?

31. Inspection Quality - FPR • FPR scores reflect probability that a technician’s vehicles pass at a higher rate than average in the next inspection cycle • Scores Range from 0 to 1 • 0 score means we are 100% confident that performance is below average • 1 score means we are 100% confident above average • 0.5 means we don’t know conclusively due to insufficient test history • New or low-volume technicians assigned 0.5 score

32. Technician Feedback • BAR will set up a secure Web page to view status. • Will provide technicians feedback on their performance • Password protected so technician may view only their own data

33. UNDERSTANDING AFTERMARKET PARTS

34. Covered Topics • How to recognize aftermarket parts during a visual inspection • Parts labels, Executive Orders (EO) and links to verify parts • Pre 1/1/2009 catalytic converter labeling • Post 1/1/2009 catalytic converter labeling • Other approved aftermarket parts examples • Modified aftermarket parts examples

35. Visual Inspection • Vehicle Emission Control Requirements: Technicians must use all available information necessary to determine the vehicle’s emission control requirements, including but not limited to: • The under-hood emission control label (see section 1.3.2) • The current emission control application guide • The emission control repair manuals • The emission component location guides • The manufacturer emission control recalls and TSB’s (Technical Service Bulletins) • The vacuum hose routing diagrams • The California Air Resources Board (CARB) aftermarket parts listings, the aftermarket part label (see section 1.3.2), and any reliable vehicle manufacturer sources.

36. Visual Inspection • If a vehicle is equipped with parts that modify the original emission control configuration, technicians must verify whether those parts are CARB approved or exempted. If the installed parts are not CARB approved or exempted, and the original emissions control configuration has been modified, the corresponding emission controls are considered “Modified” and the vehicle shall fail the inspection

37. Smog Check Reference Guide • Aftermarket Parts Verification Guidelines Gasoline and Diesel – Appendix G • Aftermarket Parts Definitions • Category I lists parts that do not require EO verification • Category II lists parts that require EO verification • Diesel Quick Reference

38. Visual Inspection(cont.) • To verify CARB approval or exemption, technicians must check the Aftermarket Parts Label affixed either directly to the part or near the part. This label contains a CARB Executive Order (EO) number that can be used to verify approval or exemption. With the EO number, reference the CARB EO parts listings and/or part manufacturer catalog • The CARB EO part listings and information about catalytic converters can be found on the CARB website www.arb.ca.gov. Technicians may also contact ARB at (800) 242-4450 if they need additional information

39. Aftermarket Parts Label • Note: A missing or illegible APL does not constitute an inspection failure. In cases where the label is missing or illegible, the technician may proceed with the inspection, provided the parts can be confirmed as CARB approved or exempted by comparing the part number marked on the part with the CARB EO parts listings or the parts manufacturer catalog

40. Web Links • AFTERMARKET PARTS DATABASE OF EXECUTIVE ORDERS • CURRENT LIST OF AFTERMARKET CATALYSTS • PRODUCTS IN PROGRESS LIST (DIESEL) • LIST OF AFTERMARKET CATALYTIC CONVERTERS IN COMPLIANCE WITH NEW REGULATIONS • APPENDIX G – AFTERMARKET PARTS VERIFICATION GUIDELINES http://www.arb.ca.gov http://www.smogcheck.ca.gov

41. All Non-original catalytic converters must be CARB approved/exempt and are labeled with information necessary to ensure that installations comply with California law. Non-Original Equipment Catalytic Converters

42. Catalytic Converter Labeling Catalytic converters installed before January 1, 2009 New aftermarket catalytic converters and certified used catalytic converters can be identified by a permanent stamp or label on the shell of the converter. The label/stamp should be in the following U.S. E.P.A. format: T/CA/MC XXXX YYYY. The labels do not include the EO number

43. T/CA/MC XXXX YYYY • T: Either “N” (for new aftermarket converters), or “U” (for certified used converters). ARB staff has found that this character is sometimes omitted on new aftermarket converters • CA: Indicates that the converter has been ARB approved • MC: A two character code for the converter manufacturer • XXXX: The converter’s part or series number. The number may be longer than 4 digits • YYYY: The date of manufacture. The first two digits indicate the month, and the last two the year

44. Pre- 1/1/09 Labeling Example TA = Manufacturer See Website Database CA = ARB Approved in California The Converter Part/Serial Number Manufacture Date Month/Year 09 05 N = New Aftermarket

45. This Table Lists Valid Manufacturer Codes For California

46. Catalytic Converter Labeling • Catalytic converters installed on or after January 1, 2009 • Meet more stringent requirements • Labels include the EO number in large font, presented in the following format: D-XXX-XX YYYYYY ZZZZ

47. Decoding Catalyst Labels • D-XXX-XX = This is the ARB approval number for the converter (known as the “EO number”). Every EO number will begin with “D”. The first three X’s will be a 3 digit number corresponding to the manufacturer. The last two digits will be the specific approval number for the manufacturer. The EO number can be used to obtain information about the approval status of the converter on ARB’s website in the same manner that other aftermarket add-on and performance parts can be looked up. The website address is: http://www.arb.ca.gov • YYYYYY = The part number for the converter (assigned by the manufacturer) • ZZZZ = The date of manufacture. The first two digits indicate the month, and the last two the year.

48. Legal Converters With Laser Printing And Plate ID CONVERTER WITH LASER PRINTING SEE EO# D 280-73 CONVERTER WITH PLATE ID SEE EO# D 280-77

49. Labeling Example Manufacturer Assigned part # 36104 ARB EO# D-193-86 Manufactured March 2009 03/09

50. Resource Examples This screenshot shows where to enter the replacement part EO number into the ARB search engine. Enter the EO# here: D-193-86 Left Click Here