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Emergency Brake Display for Rear End Accident Avoidance

Emergency Brake Display for Rear End Accident Avoidance. Dr. J. Gail Ressort „Active Vehicle Safety, Emissions, Energy“ Bundesanstalt für Staßenwesen (Federal Highway Research Institute) Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. Content. requirements for an emergency brake display examples

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Emergency Brake Display for Rear End Accident Avoidance

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  1. Emergency Brake Display forRear End Accident Avoidance Dr. J. Gail Ressort „Active Vehicle Safety, Emissions, Energy“ Bundesanstalt für Staßenwesen (Federal Highway Research Institute) Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

  2. Content • requirements for an emergency brake display • examples • optimum solution • criteria for activation / deactivation • regulations concerned Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  3. Requirements for anEmergency Brake Display (1) • fast perception (also by distracted drivers) • short reaction times • easy implementation and refitting • maximum deceleration of the following car • intuitive display (no learning necessary) • few levels Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  4. Requirements for anEmergency Brake Display (2) • threshold values corresponding to real braking behaviour • functionality for emergency braking on low-µ-surfaces • unambiguous display • not confusing • minimised effects of habituation Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  5. 1) 2) Example 1: Increased Light Surface Area and Intensity Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  6. Increased Area and Intensity • pros: • intuitively • no learning process • causes adequate brakings of the following driver (early maximum brake force) • reduced reaction times • cons: • lights have to be fixed by the driver‘s eyes • difficult refitting • vehicle design Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  7. Example 2: Integral Brakelight 3rd upper brakelight: G ( 19 levels)  too many levels Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  8. (flashing) Example 3: Flashing Brakelights Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  9. Flashing Brakelights reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

  10. Flashing Brakelights • pros: • good perception also by distracted drivers • reduced reaction times • easy refitting • cons: • learning process might be necessary Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  11. (flashing) Example 4: Flashing Hazard Warning Lights Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  12. Flashing Hazard Warning Lights reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

  13. Flashing Hazard Warning Lights • pros: • good perception • reduced reaction times • easy refitting • cons: • change in colour • usual meaning: warning in case of: • broken down vehicle • accident • end of congestion • automatical switching only if deceleration > 1.5 g

  14. Example 5: Continuously Shining Rear Direction-Indicators • pros: • easy refitting • cons: • change in colour • meaning is not intuitively clear Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  15. Optimum Solution (1) • keeping the colour coding: red light = braking • flashing to achieve best perception by distracted drivers (3 Hz to 5 Hz flashing) Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  16. Optimum Solution (2) 1) • optional: increase in surface area of lower brakelights additional to flashing upper brakelight 2) (3 Hz - 5 Hz)  best perception + intuitive display for severe braking

  17. Criteria for Activation / Deactivation (1) • threshold deceleration 7 m / s2 • emergency brake assistance system • anti-lock brake system • pressure of the brake system / brake force • change of vehicle velocity (real deceleration) Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  18. Criteria for Activation / Deactivation (2) • switching on immediately after detection of emergency braking • switching off after • releasing the brake pedal or • after standstill of the vehicle or • detection of the end of the severe braking by a brake assistance / anti-lock braking system • threshold velocity 5 km / h Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

  19. Regulations Concerned ECE-R 7, ECE-R 48 and Vienna Convention • red flashing upper brakelight • increase in surface area • definition of activation of brakelights • changing display during braking • fixing of switching criteria Dr. rer. nat. Jost Gail, Referat F1, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen

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