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Gender Tips: Masculine, feminine or neuter???

Gender Tips: Masculine, feminine or neuter???. Masculine Usually (but not always) nouns ending in: -ant, -er, -ich, -ig, -ing, -ismus, -ist, -or e.g. der Staubsauger Feminine Usually (but not always) nouns ending in: -e, -heit, -ik, -in, -ion, -keit, -schaft, -ung e.g. die Heizung

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Gender Tips: Masculine, feminine or neuter???

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  1. Gender Tips: Masculine, feminine or neuter??? Masculine Usually (but not always) nouns ending in: -ant, -er, -ich, -ig, -ing, -ismus, -ist, -or e.g. der Staubsauger Feminine Usually (but not always) nouns ending in: -e, -heit, -ik, -in, -ion, -keit, -schaft, -ung e.g. die Heizung Neuter Usually (but not always) nouns ending in: -chen, -lein, -um e.g. das Mädchen

  2. Cases German has 4 cases and they are used as follows: The nominative case: used for the subject of the sentence (the person or thing doing the action of the verb) e.g. Ein Hund bellt – a dog is barking The accusative case: used for the direct object of the sentence (the person or thing receiving the action of the verb) e.g. ich esse eine Banane – I’m eating a banana. Also used in time phrases and with certain prepositions The dative case: used for the indirect object of the sentence (the person or thing to whom something is done) e.g Wir zeigen dem Kind das Boot – We’re showing the boat to the child. Also used after certain prepositions and with certain verbs The genitive case: used to show possession. Often replaced by von (+ dative)…. e.g Das ist die Freundin meines Bruders – that is my brother’s girlfriend

  3. Articles change depending on case Definite articles (e.g. “the”) e.g. der Mann, die Frau / das Buch / die Bücher Indefinite articles (e.g. “a”) e.g. ein Mann / eine Frau / ein Buch

  4. Pronouns Pronouns are used to avoid repeating nouns. Like nouns, pronouns change according to case: NominativeAccusativeDative ich mich mir du dich dir er ihn ihm sie sie ihr es es ihm wir uns uns ihr euch euch sie sie ihnen Sie Sie Ihnen e.g ich mag ihn nicht – I don’t like him German also has another pronoun – man. This is used to talk about people in general (in english – one). This follows the same pattern as er/sie/es e.g Man kann ins Kino gehen – One can go to the cinema

  5. Adjectival Endings After the definite article (e.g. der/die/das) e.g. der alte man / die alte Frau / das alte Buch / die alten Bücher Also used after dieser/welcher/jeder After the indefinite article (e.g. ein/eine) e.g. ein alter man / eine alte Frau / ein altes Buch Also used after mein/dein/sein/ihr/unser /euer After no preceding article e.g. alter man / alte Frau / altes Buch

  6. Adjectives: describing nouns riesig gigantic gemütlich cosy/pleasant einmalig unique hässlich ugly nahrhaft nutritious berühmt famous herrlich marvellous eindrucksvoll impressive lebhaft lively/cheerful hübsch pretty langweilig boring entzückend delightful Useful phrases Eine herrliche Stadt Ich finde Erdkunde langweilig Mein Vater ist manchmal launisch Ich liebe meinenalten Wagen Die grünenÄpfel schmecken gut A marvellous town I find geography boring My father is sometimes moody I love my old car The green apples taste good

  7. Time Um….. (at…) / Es ist … (it is….) • … zehn Uhr • … viertel nach elf 3. … viertel vor sechs • … halb neun • … sieben vor acht • … zehn nach zwei • … dreizehn Uhr zwanzig • … viersehn Uhr dreißig 11:15 2. 3. 10:00 05:45 1. Um wieviel Uhr? Wieviel Uhr ist es? vor zwei Tagen letztes Jahr gestern Am Wochenende morgen 6. 02:10 5. 7:53 4. 08:30 7. 8. 13:20 14:30 Useful phrases At what time? What time is it? Two days ago Last year Yesterday At the weekend Tomorrow

  8. Questions wann? when? wer? who? wo? where? welcher? which? wie? how? warum? why? ? seit wann? since when? wie viele? How many? zu wem? to whom? wohin? to where? wessen? whose? mit wem? with whom? woher? from where? was? what?

  9. Prepositions Most prepositions take the dative: e.g. aus, bei, gegenüber, mit, nach, seit, von , zu But it is important to learn the exceptions. 1. The following always take the accusative: e.g. für, um, durch, gegen, ohne 2. Some take either the accusative or dative dependant upon whether or not movement from one place to another is involved. If movement is involved then use the accusative, however, if the action occurs in one place then use the dative: e.g. Ich bin indie Stadt gegangen (acc) Ich bin inder Stadt (dat) The following prepositions can therefore take the dative or accusative: e.g. an, auf, hinter, in, neben, unter, über, vor, zwischen

  10. Word Order Simple sentences follow the same pattern as English: subject – verb - object e.g. Mein Bruder hat eine Katze – my brother has a cat However, word order changes when more complex sentences are used. Most importantly, the verb is ALWAYS the second idea. The manner (how you went) ALWAYS comes before the place (where you went) e.g. Ich fahremit der U-Bahn in die Stadt Ich binmit dem Zug nach Dresdengefahren When including a time expression, this ALWAYS comes before the manner. The verb then follows the time expression (2nd idea!) e.g Um elf Uhrfahre ich mit dem Bus nach Berlin AmSonntagsind wir mit dem Rad in die Stadt gefahren

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