UPA Package 2, Module 4

1. UPA Package 2, Module 4 • OVERVIEW OF LAND USE CONTROL AND LAND USE PLANNING

2. What is Land Use Control Land use control means influence and limitation imposed on land use activity and process in order to achieve set land use under some circumstances, which promotes the land use developing toward anticipated target.

3. What is Land Use Control • Governments determine how land is to be developed and used in a variety of ways. • Direct acquisition (purchase or expropriation); • The provision of incentives (strategies, schemes and programmes) • Regulations (zoning, site plan control, building regulations and development control).

4. What is Land Use Planning Relationship Between land use planning and land use control One technical task of LUP is to provide correct land use scheme LUP is the key measure to implement land use control

5. What is Land Use Planning The purpose of land use planning to help local decision makers, developers and citizens determine how the community envisions future development. to ensure compatible land uses and to manage development and growth.

6. What is Land Use Planning • In principles of German Land Law, the objectives of planning is defined as: • land use planning shall protect and promote: • sustainable urban development • social justice in land use • an environment worthy of human beings, and the natural foundations of human existence

7. What is Land Use Planning Land use planning and Land use plan Land use planning: dynamic process Land use plan: static outcomes

8. GOVERNMENT Federal State Regional Local MARKET Land Owners Developers Builders Realtors Bankers • INTERESTS • Neighborhoods • Environmentalist • Economic Developers • Farmers • Minority Groups RULES (planning and development procedures) LAND PLANNERS Future Land Use Current Land Use Land Use Planning Process Stakeholders, Planners and Rules in Land Use Planning Process

9. INTELLIGENCE • Building and maintaining an information system • Analyzing and interpreting data • Disseminating information reports, maps, tables, diskettes • ADVANCE PLANNING • Formulating and adopting policy • Formulating and adopting a development management system and specific legislation • PROBLEM SOLVING • Analyzing and solving unanticipated problem • Assessing proposals to change development management system or develop land oral presentations, memos, issue papers, draft ordinances plans, legislation • DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT • Applying, enforcing, and improving ordinances, plans, capital improvement programs, acquisitions, information and other elements of the development system Permits, inspections, sanctions, community facilities, acquisitions, advice, etc DEVELOPMENT Four Functions in Land Use Planning Process

10. The verbal policy plan • The land classification plan • The land use design • The development management plan The policy plan long-range shorter-range Land Use Planning Process Major Forms of Land Use Planning in Advance Planning Function

11. The contemporary hybrid plan • Example of A Verbal Policy Plan • The Calvert County, MD Comprehensive Plan, 1983 • It was the winner of a 1985 APA award • Its policies are concise, easy to grasp, and grouped in sections corresponding to the six divisions of county government responsible for implementation • It remains a policy plan, because it does not specify a program of specific actions for development management • It contains no land use map

12. The contemporary hybrid plan • Example of A Land Classification Plan • A Comprehensive Plan for Forsyth County, North Carolina • The plan won honorable mention from APA in 1989. • it employs a six-category system of districts, plus a category for activity centers • it identifies both short- and long-range growth areas (4A and 4B) • policies applicable to each district are detailed in the plan.

13. The contemporary hybrid plan

14. The contemporary hybrid plan • Example of A Land Use Design Map • The 1990 Howard County (Maryland) General Plan • It was the winner of an APA award in 1991 • adds new types of goals, policies, and planning techniques. • organizes around six themes/chapters instead of the customary plan elements

15. The contemporary hybrid plan

16. The contemporary hybrid plan Example of A Development Management Plan The Sanibel, Florida, Comprehensive Land Use Plan (1981) The plan outlines the standards and procedures of regulations (i.e., the means of implementation) Plan and implementation are merged into one instrument,

17. The contemporary hybrid plan

18. The contemporary hybrid plan • Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan • Toward a Sustainable Seattle: A Plan for Managing Growth (1994) • The plan is designed to meet the requirements of the Washington State Growth Management Act. • 3 core values-social equity, environmental stewardship, and economic security • The goal is to be achieved by integrating plans for land use and transportation, healthy and affordable housing, and careful capital investment in a civic compact based on a shared vision

20. The contemporary hybrid plan • Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan • Sustainable Seattle • The land use element designates urban center villages, hub urban villages, residential urban villages, neighborhood villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers, each with specific design guidelines • The city's capacity for growth is identified, and then allocated according to the urban village strategy • Future development is directed to mixed-use neighborhoods • Detailed land use policies carry out the plan

21. The contemporary hybrid plan

22. The contemporary hybrid plan Another Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan Loudoun County Choices and Changes: General Plan (1991) The plan won APA's 1994 award for comprehensive planning in small jurisdictions. Its goals are grouped into three categories: ---Natural and cultural resources goals ---Growth management goals ---Community design goals

23. The contemporary hybrid plan

24. The contemporary hybrid plan Land Use Analysis Existing Land Use Inventory and Analysis The first step in analyzing land use was to conduct an inventory of existing uses. (Existing land uses were digitized from the aerial photos) The inventory classified land uses into 25 categories.

25. The contemporary hybrid plan the Town ofWashington

26. The contemporary hybrid plan The land use development pattern is influenced by several key factors. They include: 1. Land ownership patterns. 2. Location of agricultural lands. 3. Lands enrolled in Forest Management Programs. 4. Privately owned lands adjacent area lakes. 5. The location and function of State Highway 70. the Town of Washington

27. The contemporary hybrid plan the Town of Washington

28. The contemporary hybrid plan Town of Washington Development Regulations A zoning ordinance consists of a map and a written text. The zoning map arranges the community into districts or zones...conservancy, agriculture, residential, commercial, industrial, etc. Within each of these districts, the text of the zoning ordinances specifies the permitted land uses, the size of buildings, yard/lot dimensions, and other prerequisites.

29. The contemporary hybrid plan the Town of Washington

30. The contemporary hybrid plan Town of Washington The town and county should utilize it as a guide for reviewing subdivision plats, certified survey maps, rezoning requests, updating the town zoning map, and other land use proposals. The town has many additional local ordinances that may affect land use or have some regulatory impact on development.

31. The contemporary hybrid plan the Town of Washington

32. The contemporary hybrid plan Permit Analysis The issuance of permits relate the incidence of new housing starts, rezonings, or the number of land transactions into activity trends that impact the landscape. the Town of Washington An additional measure that assists in the illustration of the growth in residential housing and commercial development activity for the Town is building permit activity.

33. The contemporary hybrid plan the Town of Washington

34. Planning System and Land Use Planning The horizontal linkages

35. Planning System and Land Use Planning The vertical linkages

36. Planning System and Land Use Planning LUP at different planning levels