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ILF: Interim Progress Report

Investigating past war fuel usage and comparing modern metrics to explore future scenarios for helicopter efficiency over the next 10-20 years. Analyzing energy consumption, technologies, and cost implications to provide feasibility guidance.

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ILF: Interim Progress Report

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  1. ILF: Interim Progress Report Jess Kaizar, Hong Tran, Tariq Islam

  2. Agenda • Problem Statement • Technical Approach • WBS Status • Background Research • Metrics • Scenarios • Technologies • EVM Chart

  3. Problem Statement This project will serve to provide a background study on past wars in terms of their fuel usage, and compare them to the metrics of modern day warfare. What is needed, and what will be answered here subsequently is that given various future warfare scenarios, how will helicopters be leveraged and used in those scenarios? The largest issue being fuel efficiency, the efficiency of helicopters from atactical perspective as well as a design perspective will need to be applied to each of the future scenarios to provide feasibility guidance in the next 10 to 20 years of helicopter production by vendors, specifically Sikorsky.

  4. Approach and Methodology • Survey the use of energy in warfare throughout history and develop energy consumption metrics • Identify a range of representative scenarios • Primary missions • Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force •  Identify technologies for inspection and characterization •  Conduct cost estimation of fuel prices in 2021 and 2031 •  Model Scenarios • Analysis • Vary fuel price • Apply technologies • Conduct excursions for potential changes in future warfare • Provide insight and recommendation for the impact of fuel efficiencies and rotary aircraft

  5. WBS Status

  6. Background Research • 175% Increase in Gallon of Fuel Consumed per Soldier per Day since Vietnam War • Fuel Consumption of 22 Gallons/Soldier/Day in Iraq/Afghanistan War w/ a Projected Burn Rate of 1.5%/Year through 2017

  7. Background Research • Defense Energy Support Center (US Military's Primary Fuel Broker) has contracts with the International Oil Trading Company; Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and Turkish Petrol Ofisi, Golteks and Tefirom. Contracts with these companies range from $1.99 a gallon to $5.30 a gallon. • DESC sets fuel rates paid by military units. • $3.51 a gallon for diesel • $3.15 for gasoline • $3.04 for jet fuel • Avgas -- a high-octane fuel used mostly in unmanned aerial • vehicles -- is sold for $13.61 a gallon • Fuel Protection (from Ground & Air) • Accidents/Pilferage/Weather • IEDs • Inventory/Storage Due to Many Types of Fuel • Final Delivery Cost of $45 -$400/gallon to Remote Afghanistan (lack of infrastructure, challenging geography, increased roadside attacks)

  8. Background Research • 2001 DSB Report Recommends the Inclusion of fuel efficiency in requirements and acquisition processes. • Target fuel efficiency improvements through investments in Science and • Technology and systems design • The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of • Defense signed a memo stating “…include fuel efficiency as a Key Performance Parameter (KPP) in all Operational Requirements Documents and Capstone Requirements Documents.”

  9. Background Research

  10. Metrics Metrics capture how fuel is expended and any benefits of increased fuel efficiency • Time to complete mission • Reduced mission time by removing the need to refuel eliminating delays • Lighter aircraft may move faster • Lift capacity • Carrying less fuel or building a lighter aircraft may allow additional lift capacity (up to the structural limitations of the aircraft) • Time on station (TOS) • Move efficient fuel/aircraft may extend legs or increase TOS • Cost • Less fuel burned = lower cost • Alternate fuel = lower price? • All metrics will be translated into cost as well • $/mile • $/lb lift • $/flight hour

  11. Identify Representative Scenarios

  12. Identify Technologies for Inspection Alternate Energy Sources • Electricity • Hydrogen Fuel Cells • Biofuels • Convert fuel consumption cost into energy (Joules) cost, create a common metric • Map alternate energy outputs back to liquid fuel efficiencies gained • This will provide parameters for the executable model • What if we hit a scenario where hydrogen fuel cells give an increased energy output? Rotary Craft Design -- Trending technologies, progress, feasibility • Air-hybrid engine • Diesel-Electric Propulsion system

  13. To-Date EVM Chart

  14. References • http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=aerospacedaily&id=news/FUEL111109.xml&headline=Report%20Says%20DOD%20Fuel%20Use%20A%20Security%20Concern • http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf • http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=593 • http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA233674 • http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2008-04-02-2602932101_x.htm • http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/63407-400gallon-gas-another-cost-of-war-in-afghanistan- • http://www.trackpads.com/forum/point-counterpoint-politics/154121-helicopter-units-revert-vietnam-era-tactics.html • http://www.ndia-mich.org/workshop/Papers/Non-Primary%20Power/Roche%20-%20Fuel%20Consumption%20Modeling%20And%20Simulation%20(M&S)%20to%20Support%20Military%20Systems%20Acquisition%20and%20Planning.pdf

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