Exploring the Periodic Table: Elements and Patterns

1. Periodic Table

2. Periodic • Periodic means “happening at regular intervals” • The days of the week are periodic • Repeating pattern **Name some Periodic things in your life - • Mendeleev found that the elements’ properties followed a pattern that repeated every seven elements • He used the repeating pattern of properties to predict the properties of new, undiscovered elements.

3. Periodic Law • The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

4. Periodic Table Info • Each square on the periodic table shows Name, Symbol, Atomic Number, and average Atomic Mass • Element Symbols are shown in different colors – shows the state of matter at normal room temperature. • Symbols are universal – same in all countries • First letter is always capitalized, second letter is always lowercase.

5. Arrangement of Per. Table • Rows are called periods – the pattern of properties repeats with each period • Columns are called a group or family – each element in a family shares similar characteristics or properties

7. Alkali Metals • Group 1 of the periodic table • The most reactive metals because they can easily give away their one outer level electron • So reactive that they are Only found combined with other elements in nature • Shared properties include: softness, color, shininess, low density

8. Alkaline-Earth Metals • Group 2 on the periodic table • 2 outer level electrons – less reactive than alkali metals • Shared properties include: color, higher density than alkali

9. Transition metals • Groups 3-12 on the periodic table • Very rarely react with other elements • Properties shared: shininess, good conductors, higher densities and melting points than elements in groups 1 or 2 • Family 11 also called coinage metals (gold, silver, copper)

10. Boron Group • Group 13 on Periodic Table • Family contains 1 metalloid and 5 metals • Reactive • Solids at room temperature • All have 3 electrons in outer level

11. Carbon Group • Group 14 on Periodic Table • All have 4 electrons in their outer level • All solids at room temperature

12. Nitrogen Group • Family 15 on the Periodic Table • All have 5 electrons in their outer energy level • 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals • Solid at room temp (except Nitrogen)

13. Oxygen Group • Family 16 on the Periodic Table • All have 6 electrons in outer energy level • Reactive • 3 nonmetals, one metalloid, and one metal • All but Oxygen are solid at room temp.

14. Halogens • All Nonmetals • Family 17 on Periodic Table • Very reactive • Poor conductors of electricity. • Violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts

15. Noble Gases • Family 18 on Periodic Table • 8 electrons in outer level • Totally unreactive • Colorless, odorless gases at room temp