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This article discusses UN Resolution 242 and its significance in the Middle East peace process. It explores the principles of withdrawal of Israeli forces, termination of belligerency, and the establishment of a just settlement. It also highlights the Oslo Agreement, Security Council Resolution 478, and the impact of Israeli settlements on the Palestinian state.
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UN Resolution 242 (November 2, 1967) The Security Council,Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just peace in which every State in the area can live in security,1. Affirms that the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East should include the application of both the following principles:(i) Withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict;(ii) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized borders free from threats or acts of force;2. Affirms further the necessity of achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem;
12th Summit of Arab League (September 9, 1982) The Arab League [including the PLO] adopts the following principles: Israeli withdrawal from all Arab territories occupied in 1967 including Arab Al Quds. Dismantling of Israeli settlements on Arab territories after 1967. Reaffirmation of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination and the exercise of its inalienable national rights under the leadership of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the indemnification of those who do not wish to return. Placing the West Bank and Gaza Strip under the control of the UN for a transitory period not exceeding 6 months. Establishment of an independent Palestinian state with Al Quds [Jerusalem] as its capital.
Oslo (1993)Permanent Status Negotiations on 4 Issues • Israeli Settlements • Jerusalem • Borders of Israel / Palestinian State • Palestinian Refugees [UN Resolution 194 / 242]
“Salami Sandwich” Where is the Palestinian State?
Security Council Resolution 478 (1980) The Security Council 1. Censures in the strongest terms the enactment by Israel of the "basic law" on Jerusalem and the refusal to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions;3. Determines that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, which have altered or purport to alter the character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and in particular the recent "basic law" on Jerusalem, are null and void and must be rescinded forthwith;4. Affirms also that this action constitutes a serious obstruction to achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East;5. Decides not to recognize the "basic law" and such other actions by Israel that, as a result of this law, seek to alter the character and status of Jerusalem:
Israeli Delegation at MadridBenyamin Netanyahu / Yitzak Shamir
Palestinian Delegation at MadridHanan Ashrawi / Haider Abdel Shafi
Madrid Conference (1991) Aim To establish a framework for implementation of UN Resolution 242 * * end to Israeli Occupation of West Bank / Gaza * settlement of the Palestinian Refugee Problem * Peace within secure and recognized borders * negotiations for a framework to end the conflict Means Bi-lateral talks between the parties
Oslo Agreement (1993)Declaration of Principles • Withdrawal from Occupied Territories (OT) • Palestinian Self Government in OT • Interim Palestinian Self Government / PA • Permanent Status Negotiations
Reaction in Israel Knesset Vote: 61 Votes in Favor 50 Votes Opposed / 9 Abstentions
Palestinian Reaction to Oslo In Favor: PLO / Fatah Opposed: Hamas, Islamic Jihad
ISRAELI SETTLEMENT POPULATION(Oslo Years) 1991 1993 1995 1998 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- WB 90,300 111,600 133,200163,300 192,776 EJ 137,300 152,800 157,300 165,967 172,250 GZA 3,800 4,800 5,300 6,100 6,678 Total 232,400 268,200 295,800 335,367 371,704 % change 1991/2000 = + 62.5% http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/comprehensive-settlement-population-1972-2006
“We'll make a pastrami sandwich of them. We'll insert a strip of Jewish settlement in between the Palestinians, and then another strip of Jewish settlement right across the West Bank, so that in 25 years, neither the UN, nor the USA – nobody -- will be able to tear it apart". Ariel Sharon (1973) Ariel Sharon“A Vision of Israel at Century’s End”
Taba Talks (2001) • “The sides declare that they have never been closer to reaching an agreement and it is thus our shared belief that the remaining gaps could be bridged with the resumption of negotiations following the Israeli election.”
“Salami Sandwich” Where is the Palestinian State?
UN Resolution 3236 (November 2, 1974) The General Assembly 1. Reaffirms the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people in Palestine, including:(a) The right to self-determination without external interference;(b) The right to national independence and sovereignty;2. Reaffirms also the inalienable right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property from which they have been displaced and uprooted, and calls for their return;3. Emphasizes that full respect for and the realization of these inalienable rights of the Palestinian people are indispensable for the solution of the question of Palestine;4. Recognizes that the Palestinian people is a principal party in the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East;5. Further recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to regain its rights by all means in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations;
