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Easter Sunday

Explore the origins, beliefs, and historical milestones of Christianity, from Easter Sunday to the Reformation and beyond. Learn about sacred writings, the Gospels, Paul's journeys, the Great Schism, the Crusades, the Reformation led by Martin Luther, Translating the Bible, Protestantism, the English Reformation, and the Reformation in England under King Henry VIII. Delve into the split between the Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic churches, the Anglican Church, and Roman Catholic Reformation. Understand the significance of key councils and movements like the Council of Nicea, the Crusades, the Protestant Reformation, and the Vatican II Council. Discover the impact of influential figures like Constantine and Martin Luther, as well as essential architectural landmarks like the Basilica of St. John the Baptist and St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. This informative guide offers a comprehensive overview of Christianity's evolution through time.

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Easter Sunday

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  1. Easter Sunday • The first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox. Why? • Christ’s resurrection. • (Question: Who discovered the tomb was empty?)

  2. Pentecost 10 days after Ascension The start of the Christian church.

  3. Sacred Writings • The New Testament • 1. The 4 Gospels • 2. Acts of the Apostles • 3. Letters to Churches (Epistles) • 4. Revelations

  4. Angel (Matthew), Lion (Mark), Ox (Luke), Eagle (John)

  5. The Gospels: Mark • Written ~70 CE? • Associated with Paul and Peter. • The earliest, shortest gospel. • No Nativity. • Most of Mark is incorporated in Matthew and Luke.

  6. The Gospels: Matthew • Written ~80 CE? • Apostle, Jewish tax collector • Has the Nativity story • Has the Sermon on the mount.

  7. The Gospels: Luke • Written ~85 CE? • Greek, connected to Paul • Well educated, a Physician • Has the Nativity story • Stories of healing the sick

  8. The Gospels: John • Written ~100 CE? • A follower of the apostle John? • The “Gnostic” gospel • More philosophical.

  9. Acts of the Apostles • Also written by Luke ~70CE • Chronicles the missionary work of Peter and Paul in the early years of the church. • Emphasizes the Holy Spirit

  10. Epistles • Earliest works of the New Testament • Mostly written by Paul ~ 50s and 60s CE • Sent to Christian communities all over the Mediterranean.

  11. Paul’s Journeys

  12. Book of Revelations • “John” (not the apostle) ~95CE • Written on the Isle of Patmos to “The Seven Churches of Asia.” • Apocalyptic text predicting the imminent end of the world • Rapture Jack Van Impe

  13. The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

  14. Constantine • Emperor 315 AD • Made Christianity legal • Gave money for church construction. • Arranged Council of Nicea (present day Turkey) 325 AD

  15. Christianity in 325 AD

  16. Eastern Orthodox vs Western Catholic • Christianity spreads west, Rome became more important than Constantinople • The Bishop of Rome claimed to be head of the whole Church (Pope). • The Pope modified the Nicene Creed by adding “and the Son” • The Patriarch in Constantinople and the Pope in Rome excommunicated each other in 1054. “The Great Schism”

  17. Christianity in 1054 AD

  18. The Crusades • In 1095 Pope Urban declared a “Crusade” to the Holy Land to free it from Muslim Infidel control (so Christian pilgrims could travel there in peace). • Four waves of Crusades took place. • A crusader state was established in Palestine.

  19. The Crusades: 1095 -1289

  20. The Reformation: Martin Luther • 1517 Martin Luther (Germany) led a revolt against the Catholic Church. • Posted 95 Theses on a church door in Wittemberg • Main objection: “Papal Indulgences”

  21. Indulgences • The church was selling forgiveness to the wealthy. “Skip confession, praying, penitence, just pay cash.”

  22. Translating the Bible • All bibles had to be in Latin. • Martin Luthor translated the bible into German in 1534. • He was condemned as a Heretic and banned from the church.

  23. Protestantism: Main points • Salvation by faith alone. • Studying the bible for oneself in your own language. • Rejection of catholic rituals tradition.

  24. English Reformation: Anglicanism • 1530s King Henry VIII wanted an anulment of his marriage. • The Pope refused. Henry VIII declared himself the new head of the Church of England (Anglican)

  25. Anglican Church • Still very similar to Catholicism, but does not recognize papal authority. • (In the U.S. it’s called “Episcopal.”They broke away from Anglican after the American Revolution.)

  26. Anglican Cathedral of St. John the Baptist • St. John’s: Oldest Anglican parish in Canada! (over 300 years) • 1699 a wooden church was built. • 1847 rebuilt in Stone.

  27. Roman Catholic Reformation • Church cleaned up its act in the 1500s • 1543 Council of Trent: Said souls went to heaven, hell, or purgatory; Prayers to saints and Mary was okay. • 1870 First Vatican Council: Papal Infallibility declared (when the Pope speaks, God protects him from mistakes)

  28. 1962 Vatican II Council • 1. Latin was eliminated from the mass. • 2. Altar and priest were turned around to face the congregation. • 3. Priesthood of celibate males upheld.

  29. Catholic Basilica of St. John the Baptist • Corner stone laid in 1841

  30. The Papacy • St. Peter was the first Bishop of Rome. • Francis became the 266th Pope (Bishop of Rome) last month

  31. St. Peter’s, Vatican (in Rome)

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