旅游英语

1. 旅游英语 电子教案 Unit 12

2. Agenda Unit 12 The Unique Mountains and Gardens in China Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities Part 2 Reading Passage

3. Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities • Lead-in • Listening Practice: Listen and fill in the • blanks

4. Lead-in Which famous mountain or garden have you ever been to? Brainstorming

5. Listen and fill in the blanks. Listening Practice birthplace • Qufu is the _________of Confucius who was the greatest______, _______ and ________ in Chinese history and the ________ of Confucianism. Qufu enjoys great international prestige for the birthplace of China’s ______ culture and for abundant underground cultural _____ and magnificentarchitectural complexes on the ground. Qufu is located in the ______ part of Shandong province and is a joint place of mountainous area in middle part and a plain area in west part of Shandong. Many rivers and _______ join in the southeast and will never dry up. Though neighboring mountains and rivers, Qufu has never suffered _______ or ______. Because of its good geographical situation, Qufu became a political, economic and cultural center several thousand years ago. thinker educator statesman originator ancient relics south springs droughts floods

6. Part 2 Reading Passage The Unique Mountains and Gardens in China

7. 1. Mount Taishan • Mt.Taishan is located in the middle of Shandong Province, with a total area of 426 square kilometers. As the highest peak in Shandong with an elevation of 1,545 meters, Mt.Taishan is called "Chief of the Five Sacred Mountains" and "First Mountain Under Heaven." • The scenic area covers parts of Tai’an and Jinan cities. 60 kilometers to its north is Jinan, a spring city, and 70 kilometers to its south is Qufu, Confucius hometown and capital of ancient Lu Kingdom. • With its abundant cultural treasures, Mt.Taishan is honored as a sacred mountain and the symbol of Chinese national spirit. Taishan became famous during the Warring Period。Since then, it has been a place where emperors of each dynasty held grand ceremony of worship of heaven to pray and say thanks for peace and prosperity. This historical fact threads through the whole period of feudalism in China, placing the mountain at the highest position incomparable by any other mountain.

8. From the Xianqin period to the end of feudalism in China, the successive 4000 years witnessed hundreds of emperors and their representative officials paid homage to Mt. Taishan. Their pilgrimage and folks to burn joss sticks to pray for happiness all followed the same route: starting at Haolishan where to offer sacrifice, to Dai Temple where the emperors resided, to Yuhuang summit, which forms a ten-kilometer long axes of the hell to the human world to the heaven. On the mountain there are 22 ancient construction complex, over 100 other buildings, more than 1,800 above carved stones, nearly 20,000 ancient trees and numerous poems and masterpieces written by scholars throughout different dynasties, all of which make Mt. Taishan the epitome of oriental culture.

9. Formed about 28 hundred million years ago, Mt.Taishan is famous for its imposing natural landscape. Besides its majesty, the Sunrise, Sunset Glow, Golden Belt of the Yellow River, the Sea of the Clouds are its four wonders. With a bird’s eye view, the mountain is divided by five valleys into six areas, which is features respectively by seclusion, spaciousness, beauty, mystery, elegance, and wonderful spectacles. Around the main peak, Jade Emperor, there are smaller 112 peaks, 98 ridges, 102 streams, 72 springs and 36 peculiar stones. • In 1982, Taishan Mountain was up into the list of State Key Scenic Spots and was formally listed in the directory of World Natural and Cultural Heritage in 1987. It was the first place named as double heritage to the world. • Mt.Taishan has also been designated as one of the Top 40 Tourist Attractions in China, a Model of Civilized Scenic Spots in China, a National 5A Scenic Spot, and the First among the Ten Famous Mountains in China. And in September of the year 2006, Mt.Taishan has become the World Geopark.

10. 2. Mount Huangshan • Of all the notable mountains in China, Mount Huangshan, to be found in the south of Anhui province, is probably the most famous. Originally known as Mt. Yishan it was renamed Mt. Huangshan in 747 AD in recognition of the legendary Huang Di, who was the reputed ancestor of the Chinese people and who made magic pills for immortality here. • Xu Xiake(1566-1641 A.D.), a famous Ming Dynasty travaller, said, “Having seen the five major mountains in China, one does not want to see any other mountains. Having seen the all-inclusive Mount Huangshan, one does not wish to see any of the five major mountains.” • Each of the four seasons on Mt. Huangshan has their respective beauty but even this can vary from day to day thanks to variations in the weather, light and shade as clouds pass overhead and even around you at the higher reaches. This endless changing adds an emphasis to the wonder of the landscape and to know the mountain thoroughly, you would need to visit Mt. Huangshan in all the different seasons.

11. Mt. Huangshan in spring is like a maiden - all is new, fresh and tender. Spring comes in April but its onset is delayed by three days for every 100 meters as you climb the mountain. Therefore, when wild flowers are brilliant and seedlings are shooting up at its foot, the plants half way up the mountain will be just awakening from their winter sleep and will not exhibit their beauty until a week later. • Dawn in summer is most splendid as the rising sun lights the sky and the peaks and the plants and the whole world takes on a brilliant glow. After a storm, Mt. Huangshan becomes a world of water. Numerous streams and waterfalls compose an exciting and vigorous symphony. The Sea of Clouds during this season is not as vast as during autumn or winter but it revels in its brightness. If you are really lucky you will see a vivid rainbow flying over two peaks. • If spring is like a bud ready to bloom, autumn is a flower showing its last significance before withering. Such is the beauty of the autumn scenery of Mt. Huangshan that it can be seen in many famous Chinese paintings.

12. Snowy Mt. Huangshan is like a crystal palace. Though winter lasts a long time in Huangshan, it is not as cold as you might expect. A poem has it that Mt. Huangshan is beautiful all year round but with the winter scenery being the best. The Sea of Clouds, one of the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan, appears more often in winter than in any other season. • Mount Huangshan owes its unique scenic value to four major wonders: strange pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and hot springs. • Strange pines • Huangshan pines are seen in every corner of Mt. Huangshan. You will be amazed by their vitality and strength. The seeds fall into the crevices where they take root and grow with great vigor. Another feature of Huangshan pines is that many trees grow branches on one side only. The pines grow very slowly due to the poor soil and climatic conditions. A tree less than 3 meters (9.84 feet) high may have grown for over one hundred years or even several hundred years. The root of a pine is several times or several dozens times longer than the trunk, therefore Huangshan pines stand firmly with dignity, withstanding wind and rain.

13. Absurd Stones • Spectacular rocky peaks will inspire your imagination. Some look like human beings, birds or animals or many other objects. Something that makes the stones even more fascinating is that they assume varied shapes when seen from different angles. Every stone has its own fantastic legend. • Sea of Clouds • Mt. Huangshan is home to clouds and mists. The Sea of Clouds has a fairy tale beauty. Winter is the best season for this spectacle. According to their locations, the seas of clouds are divided into East Sea, South Sea, West Sea, North Sea and Sky Sea. If you climb up the Lotus Peak, the Heaven Capital Peak and the Bright Peak, you will find yourself above the level of the clouds and they appear as a sea beneath you. All the colors seem more vivid in the sunshine.

14. The clouds are forever changing, from being like a mirror when all is calm to rolling waves when the wind is strong. At sunrise or sunset, the glistening clouds assume every hue from red to purple. You cannot help marveling at this gift from the Creator! You will be struck by the beauty when all the red leaves are floating on the white clouds in autumn, when the clouds gush between the peaks like a raging river while the red leaves flutter delicately in the breeze. • Hot springs • To be able to refresh yourself in the hot springs on Mt. Huangshan must be one of the best ways of enjoyment and relaxation. Running out of the Purple Peak of 850 meters (2, 789 feet), the hot spring in Mt. Huangshan is the first stop following the entrance. Legend has it that Huang Di, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, bathed here 49 days before he ascended to heaven and became immortal.

15. 3. Gardening in Suzhou • Suzhou is located in the southeastern part of Jiangsu Province. The city was established as the capital of the state of Wu during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, 476-221 BC. When the Grand Canal linking many older canals in China was constructed during the Sui dynasty, Suzhou prospered, becoming a center of the silk trade. During the Song dynasty, nearby Hangzhou became the imperial capital and Suzhou grew as well, a convenient retreat for scholars, officials and merchants. Marco Polo visited "Su-chau" and remarked on the large size of the city, its prosperity, the silk trade and its "6,000 stone bridges". He said that the name of the city meant "Earth", and that there was another nearby city designated as "Heaven". Other early sources referred to Suzhou as "Earthly Paradise". • Gardening in Suzhou reached its height during the Ming and Qing dynasties. There were over 280 private gardens then in Suzhou and landscaping became an art with established masters. The mild climate, along with 230 frost-free days and around 43 inches of rain annually the area is perfect for gardening endeavors.

16. Sixty-nine gardens in and around Suzhou are still in good condition. In 1997, UNESCO added four of the private gardens of Suzhou to the World Heritage list, extending this in 2000 to include the historic section of the city and five other gardens in the area. • Lion Grove Garden • Lion Grove Garden is one of the four most famous and representative gardens of ancient classical style in Suzhou City！ • The Lion Grove Garden was begun in 1342 as a temple garden, part of the Puti Zhengzong Temple. During the Ming Dynasty, it drew Buddhist scholars, painters and poets. The Qing emperor Qian Long was so impressed with the garden that he inscribed three characters on a tablet, called the True Delight tablet, which can still be seen today. • This garden takes its name from the numerous lion-shaped stones there, though erosion has altered many of them past recognition. Enclosed by high walls are rockeries which cover half of the garden with a shallow lake at the center, along with many very old pines and cypress trees. The most important features of this garden are its man-made mountains. The Lion Peak is the highest of these and contains many grottoes connected by a labyrinth of stone paths.

17. The Lingering Garden • One of the largest gardens in Suzhou, the Lingering Garden is divided into four distinct areas by buildings with many small courtyards throughout. The architectural elements occupy one third of the space. This garden is known for its many carefully placed doors and patterned windows, each of which serves to frame the scene to be viewed from it. The sections are connected by a long roofed corridor which shapes itself to the changing terrain. • The central area consists of a quiet pond, surrounded by artificial hills on four sides. Fine buildings occupy most of the eastern section. In the west there is miniature mountain scattered with yellow stones and planted with maple trees. On top of the mountain stands a pavilion which commands a view of the entire garden. There is an islet in the western lake which is connected to the east shore by a bridge and a winding brook lined with peach trees and weeping willows. The northern part of the Lingering Garden contains a miniature mountain and pavilions situated in a grove, along with a bonsai garden enclosed by a bamboo fence.

18. Humble Administrator's Garden • Developed over several centuries, the Humble Administrator's Garden is the largest and most famous of the gardens in Suzhou and its many styles are representative of the history of classical gardening in Suzhou. It was begun in the early 16th century by Wang Xianchen, a government official who either retired or was demoted before returning to his hometown. the garden was named from a line in a Jin Dynasty poem: "Building a house and planting trees, watering the garden and selling vegetables constitute a humble administrator's business". The garden frequently changed owners, each contributing his own vision. During the era of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the mid 1800s, the Loyal Prince Li Xiucheng lived here.

19. Canglang Pavilion • Canglang Pavilion, located south of Suzhou city, is the oldest garden among the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. It is also one of the four most famous gardens in the city. It began as an imperial flower garden in the Five Dynasties period. Su Shunqin, a poet and a judge in the high courts of the Northern Song dynasty, bought the property and built a pavilion beside the water.During the Southern Song dynasty Han Shizhong, a famous general who fought the Nuzhen Tartars, lived on the property. During the Ming dynasty the garden became a temple and later fell into disrepair. The garden was reconstructed in the Qing dynasty, at which time it was expanded into the nearby fields and more buildings and other features were added. • While most of the gardens of Suzhou are surrounded by walls, this one is centered on a large lake and its streams which wind through the grounds. The focal point is the Facing the Water Pavilion which sits at the edge of the water. There is a miniature mountain at the center of the garden and a smaller mountain at the southern end. There are twenty buildings, and a number of steles and tablets throughout the garden, along with very old trees and eighteen kinds of bamboo.

20. 4. The Summer Palace • Situated in the western outskirts of Haidian District, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) from central Beijing. Having the largest royal park and being well preserved, it was designated, in 1960 by the State Council, as a Key Cultural Relics Protection Site of China. Containing examples of the ancient arts, it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions. The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by Angol-French allied forces. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace). Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.

21. The Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of which three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers. This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. • Centered on the Tower of Buddhist Incense (Foxiangge) the Summer Palace consists of over 3,000 structures including pavilions, towers, bridges, and corridors. The Summer Palace can be divided into four parts: the court area, front-hill area, front-lake area, and rear-hill and back-lake area.

22. Court Area • This is where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu met officials, conducted state affairs and rested. Entering the East Palace Gate, visitors may see the main palace buildings: the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity served as the office of the Emperor, the Hall of Jade Ripples where Guangxu lived, the Hall of Joyful Longevity, Cixi‘s residence, the Hall of Virtue and Harmony where Cixi was entertained. • Front-Hill Area • This area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace with the most constructions. Its layout is quite distinctive because of the central axis from the yard of Kunming Lake to the hilltop, on which important buildings are positioned including Gate of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Moral Glory, Tower of Buddhist Incense, the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, etc.

23. Front Lake Area • Covering a larger part of the Summer Palace, opens up the vista of the lake. A breeze fluttering, waves gleam and willows kiss the ripples of the vast water. In this comfortable area there are the Eastern and Western Banks, the Seventeen-Arch Bridge, Nanhu Island, and so on. On the western bank float six distinct bridges amongst which the Jade-Belt Bridge is the most beautiful. • Rear-Hill and Back-Lake Area • Although the constructions are fewer here, it has a unique landscape, with dense green trees, and winding paths. Visitors can feel a rare tranquility, and elegance. This area includes scenic spots such as Garden of Harmonious Interest and Suzhou Market Street.

24. 5. The Forbidden City • Lying at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City, called Gu Gong, in Chinese, was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum, it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape, it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9,999 buildings.The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming emperor Yongle who, upon usurping the throne, determined to move his capital north from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1911 the Qing dynasty fell to the republican revolutionaries. The last emperor, Puyi, continued to live in the palace after his abdication until he was expelled in 1924. Twenty-four emperors lived and ruled from this palace during this 500-year span. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation.

25. The northern section, or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. In total, the buildings of the two courts account for an area of some 163,000 square meters. These were laid out precisely in accordance with a code of architectural hierarchy, which designated specific features to reflect the paramount authority and status of the emperor. No ordinary mortal would have been allowed or even dared to come within close proximity of these buildings. • Known as the Outer Court, the southern portion of the Forbidden City centers on the halls of Supreme Harmony, Central Harmony, and Preserving Harmony. These are flanked by the halls of Literary Glory and Military Eminence. It was here that the emperor held court and conducted his grand audiences.

26. Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court at the northern end of the Forbidden City, with the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility straddling the central axis, surrounded by the Six Palaces of the East and West and the Imperial Garden to the north. Other major buildings include the halls for Worshipping Ancestors and of Imperial Splendor on the east, and the Hall of Mental Cultivation, the Pavilion of the Rain of Flowers and the Palace of Benevolent Tranquility on the west. These contain not only the residences of the emperor and his empress, consorts and concubines but also the venues for religious rites and administrative activities. • Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire. • Nowadays, the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders, the grand and deluxe halls, with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

27. "Chief of the Five Sacred Mountains“ • 五岳之首 • "First Mountain Under Heaven. “ • 天下第一山

28. joss sticks • (中国人拜佛时焚的)香

29. seclusion, spaciousness, beauty, mystery, elegance, and wonderful spectacles • 泰山风景旅游区包括幽区、旷区、奥区、妙区、秀区、丽区六大风景区

30. World Geopark • 世界地质公园 • 世界地质公园是以其地质科学意义、珍奇秀丽和独特的地质景观为主，融合自然景观与人文景观的自然公园。由联合国教科文组织选出，此计划在2000年之后开始推行，目标是选出超过5百个值得保存的地质景观加强保护。至2005年止，全球已选出有35家世界地质公园。

31. “Having seen the five major mountains in China, one does not want to see any other mountains. Having seen the all-inclusive Mount Huangshan, one does not wish to see any of the five major mountains” • 此句为出自徐霞客的诗“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳 ”，意为从五岳（指华山、松山、衡山、泰山、黄山）回来就被五岳的景色所吸引而不再去看别的山的景色了， 而从黄山回来更会被黄山的气势美丽的景色所折服，因此不会在关注五岳了。

32. Grand Canal • 大运河 • 　中国东部平原上的古代伟大工程。北起北京，南到浙江杭州，故又名京杭运河。途经北京、天津、河北、山东、江苏、浙江4省2市，沟通海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江5大水系(元代以前通钱塘江，现仅通至杭州)。全长1747公里。

33. True Delight • 真趣 • 苏州狮子林内有座真趣亭。“真趣”二字据说是乾隆皇帝御笔题写的。

34. "Building a house and planting trees, watering the garden and selling vegetables constitute a humble administrator's business". • 明代弘治进士、明嘉靖年间御史王献臣仕途失意归隐苏州后将其买下，借用西晋文人潘岳《闲居赋》中“筑室种树，逍遥自得，灌园鬻（音：yù,<书>卖）蔬，以供朝夕之膳（馈），此亦拙者之为政也，”之句取园名。暗喻自己把浇园种菜作为自己（拙者）的“政”事。

35. the court area, front-hill area, front-lake area, and rear-hill and back-lake area • 颐和园可分为四个区：宫廷区、前山区、前湖区、后山后湖区。