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Spiš

Spiš. Spiš Castle.

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Spiš

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  1. Spiš

  2. Spiš Castle • The ruinsofSpiš Castle Hungarian: Szepesi vár, German: ZipserBurg) in eastern Slovakia formoneofthelargest castle sites in Central Europe. The castle issituatedabovethetownof Spišské Podhradie and thevillageof Žehra, in theregionknownasSpiš. Itwasincluded in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1993 (togetherwiththeadjacentlocationsof Spišská Kapitula, Spišské Podhradie and Žehra).

  3. Historyof Spiš castle • Spiš Castle wasbuilt in the 12th century on the site ofanearlier castle. Itwasthepolitical, administrative, economic and cultural centre ofSzepes County ofthe Kingdom of Hungary. Before 1464, itwasowned by the kings of Hungary, afterwards (until 1528) by the Zápolya family, the Thurzo family (1531-1635), the Csáky family (1638-1945), аnd (since 1945) by the state (Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 Slovakia).

  4. Originally a Romanesque stone castle withfortifications, a two-story Romanesque palace and a threenaveRomanesque-Gothicbasilica, wereconstructed by thesecondhalfofthe 13th century. A secondextramuralsettlementwasbuilt in the 14th century, by whichthe castle areawasdoubled. The castle wascompletelyrebuilt in the 15th century; the castle wallswereheightened and a thirdextramuralsettlementwasconstructed. A late Gothic chapelwasaddedaround 1470. The Zápolyaclanperformed late Gothic transformations, whichmadetheupper castle into a comfortablefamilyresidence, typicalof late Renaissanceresidencesofthe 16th and 17th centuries. The lastownersofthe Spiš Castle thefamily Csáky desertedthe castle, in early 18th centuryconsideredtoouncomfortable to live in. Theymoved to thenewlybuildnearbyvillagecastles/palaces in Hodkovce by Žehra (Hungarian: Zsigra) and Spišský Hrhov (Hungarian: Görgő). In 1780, the castle burneddown, and has been in ruinssince. The castle waspartlyreconstructed in thesecondhalfofthe 20th century, and extensivearchaeologicalresearchwascarriedout on the site. The reconstructedsectionshousedisplaysofthe Spiš Museum.

  5. Spiš Castle by night Spiš Castle

  6. Spišská kapitula • Spišská Kapitula, (both meaning the "Spiš Chapterhouse") is an exceptionally well-preserved ecclesiastical town on the outskirts of Spišské Podhradie, Slovakia, and overlooking Spiš Castle. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site Levoča, Spiš Castle and the associated cultural monuments.

  7. Town and history • The town consists of the Cathedral of St. Martin, a former monastery, and a single street, all of mediaeval construction and enclosed by a wall. The lower gate gives a spectacular view of Spiš Castle, located on an opposite hill. • Spišská Kapitula became the main seat of the church administration in the region in the 12th century. In 1776 it became the seat of the Diocese of Spiš .

  8. Town and history • The cathedral was built between the 13th and 15th centuries in the Romanesque and Gothic styles. • It is one of the largest and most interesting Romanesque monuments in Slovakia. • It contains many mediaeval carved altars and is the resting place of many lords of Spiš Castle; the 15th century carved marble tombstones of the Zapolsky family are of exceptional quality. • A recently restored wall-painting from 1317 depicts the coronation of Charles Robert of Anjou as the King of Hungary; another painting in the cathedral is the source of the name of the unknown Kirchdorf Master. • Spišská Kapitula was visited by Pope John Paul II in 1995.

  9. Branisko • The Branisko Tunnel is a road tunnel in eastern Slovakia. It is located on the D1 motorway at Beharovce - Fričovce section. Currently only one tube is open to traffic; the second tube is expected to be opened in the future. • Construction began in April 1996 on the northern (left) tube. The southern tube driving started in May 1997 from both portals using New Austrian Tunnelling method (NATM). • Works were slowed down in 1999 due to cost cutting for motorway constructions. The breakthrough was made on May 1, 1999. The southern (right) tube of the tunnel with the Beharovce - Fričovce section was opened on June 29, 2003. • The tunnel is 4975 m long. The road in the tunnel is 7.5 m wide, with 1 m wide sidewalks on both sides; maximum height is 4.5 m, maximum gradient is 1.2%. The maximum allowed speed in tunnel is 80 km/h.

  10. Thanks for your attention.

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