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Strength of Acids and Bases

Strength of Acids and Bases. Do they ionize 100%?. Strong Acids : Give up H + easily Dissociate completely (100%) in water HCl, HBr, HI, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , HClO 4 , HClO 3. Weak acids: (all others) Hold onto H + Few molecules dissociate Ex: HC 2 H 3 O 2. Strong/Weak Acid Animation

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Strength of Acids and Bases

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  1. Strength of Acids and Bases Do they ionize 100%?

  2. Strong Acids : Give up H+ easily Dissociate completely (100%) in water HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3

  3. Weak acids: (all others) Hold onto H+ Few molecules dissociate Ex: HC2H3O2 Strong/Weak Acid Animation http://educypedia.karadimov.info/library/acid13.swf

  4. Let’s examine the behavior of an acid, HA, in aqueous solution. HA What happens to the HA molecules in solution?

  5. 100% dissociation of HA HA H+ Strong Acid A- Would the solution be conductive? Oh yeah…

  6. Partial dissociation of HA HA H+ Weak Acid A- Would the solution be conductive? Not really…

  7. HA  H+ + A- HA H+ Weak Acid A- At any one time, only a fraction of the molecules are dissociated.

  8. Acids Ionizing in Water (Strong vs. Weak) http://youtu.be/kcPjY9cQpWs • Acid Strong/Weak dissociation in water • http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm19104/chemtoons/chemtoons2.htm • Acid H+ Transfer (Strong vs. Weak) http://preparatorychemistry.com/acids_flashhtm

  9. Strong Bases: Dissociate completely (100%) in water - Group I metal hydroxides (NaOH, LiOH, etc.) - Some Group II metal hydroxides Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 Weak Bases Only a few ions dissociate Ex: NH 3 (ammonia)

  10. Strength and Reactivity • Acids/bases of the same initial molar concentration can react differently and conduct electricity differently if one is weak and the other strong. • Ex: 2M HCl Strong Acid, very conductive very reactive 2M HC2H3O2 Weak Acid Weak Conduction Salad Dressing!!!

  11. Hydrolysis • Opposite reaction to neutralization Salt + Water Acid + Base

  12. Parent Acid/Base • If you know the salt involved you should be able to determine which acid and base it would form if water is added. Salt + Water Acid + Base Ex: NaCl with water (HOH) would form HCl and NaOH

  13. You Try It • Name the “parent” acid and base that would be produced from these salts. • Ex: Potassium chloride Magnesium carbonate

  14. pH and Hydrolysis • Salts can yield neutral, acidic or basic solutions depending on what type of acid or base they produce. SA/SB = Neutral SA/WB = Acidic WA/SB = Basic WA/WB = Undetermined

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