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World War II Begins

Explore the key events that led to World War II, from the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to Hitler's rise, and the battles that shaped the course of the war. Learn about Axis powers, dictators, and the heroic acts that defined the conflict.

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World War II Begins

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  1. HOOK VIDEO World War II Begins 1939 - 1945

  2. Causes of World War II • Failure of Treaty of Versailles • Appeasement • Nationalism • Militarism • Alliances • Isolationism & Pacifism • League of Nations

  3. Failure of Treaty of Versailles • Not enforceable • Germany has no choice but to try and break it…why???

  4. Appeasement - “if we don’t get involved in small fights, we’ll avoid a big fight” • Munich Conference – 1938 • England and France give in to some of Hitler's demands in the hopes that he will not take more

  5. Nationalism • Germany • Prove its superiority and get revenge for Treaty of Versailles • Italy • Return to the glory days of Rome when Italy was powerful • Japan • Establish its dominance in Asia

  6. Militarism • Germany • Annexes surrounding areas • Creates the "Third Reich“ • Italy • Invades Ethiopia • Japan • Invades Manchuria, Korea, and China

  7. Alliances • Axis • Germany • Italy • Japan • Allies • Great Britain • France

  8. Isolationism & Pacifism • U.S. • Avoid involvement in European conflict • Europe • Avoid another war and continue to recover from WWI

  9. League of Nations • Unable to back up demands -- no military strength

  10. Worldwide Depression • Countries short of supplies • Still trying to recover from World War I • Economic hard times worldwide 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutschmarks

  11. The Rise of Dictators • Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I • Didn’t have enough money to do this • Adolf Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. • Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” • Blamed Jews for many of the problems.

  12. National Socialists, or Nazis • Political party with Hitler in charge • Grew in power and started an army • Soldiers, called storm troopers • Attacked Jewish people and others opposed to Hitler • Put prisoners into terrible prisons called concentration camps.

  13. Hitler Encourages Attacks • Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews • “Kristallnacht”  Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 9, 1938); beginning of Jewish persecution OPTIONAL VIDEO

  14. Nazis in Control • 1933 took control of German government • Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler. • Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. • Built tanks, guns and other war supplies • Wanted to Rule the World

  15. German Dictator, Adolf Hitler Hitler’s Speech To see his dynamic and motivating speaking abilities From 2:36

  16. The Lion King and Hitler Scar’s Song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_WduwM3aJA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkU23m6yX04 (better video, all English) Two funny optional music videos, time permitting Hitler just can’t wait to be king https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eNoSV8EZ2M

  17. Other Dictators • Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union • Dictatorship – country ruled by one all-powerful person • Francisco Franco ruled Spain • Benito Mussolini ruled Italy. • Hirohito ruled Japan

  18. The War Begins • Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries AXIS POWERS • Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland • British and French leaders had enough! • Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. • British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries.

  19. Germany’s Secret Pact with Russia Stalin signs 10-year non-aggression pact with Hitler, & said they would divide Poland; USSR could take back Finland & Baltics Now Hitler not threatened by Soviet attack from the east

  20. Germany’s Lightning Attack on Poland Hitler wanted to conquer Poland  surprise attack on Sept. 1, 1939 Rained bombs & terror; tanks & trucks carried in 1.5 million German soldiers Attack called BLITZKRIEG or “lightning war” Invasion was 1st cause of WWII

  21. The Phony War After fall of Poland, strange calm Germany & France mobilized to borders, & waited for each other to attack  nothing happened Fake war called “sitzkrieg” Then…Hitler launched attack on Denmark & Norway (wanted access to Britain)

  22. Germany Attacks France German troops sweep through Belgium & France  trapped at beaches of Dunkirk In most heroic act of war, Great Britain sets out to rescue soldiers  carried 338,000 to safety

  23. Fall of France Mussolini (Italy) joins Hitler & France surrenders, June 22, 1940 French general, Charles de Gaulle tries to organize resistance with Britain against new German power

  24. Germany Attacks Britain • Now Britain stands alone against Nazis • Winston Churchill (prime minister): “We shall never surrender…” • Hitler’s plan: Operation Sea Lion  Luftwaffe (Ger. Air Force) 1st knock out Royal Air Force (RAF) & then land invasion…but Britain had: • Radar • Enigma (Ger. Code breaking machine) • BATTLE OF BRITAIN ended May 10, 1941 with a British victory

  25. Germany Attacks Mediterranean Region • Germany/Italy attack North Africa  want Suez Canal (Brit. owned) to get to oil fields in Middle East • Brit. fought back, but lost to Germany • Hitler takes the Balkans • Set up to take Soviet Union

  26. Germany Attacks Soviet Union • Operation Barbarossa  take down Soviet Union • Russians “scorched-earth policy” (same as Napoleon fight) • Hitler employs blitzkrieg & tried to starve out people in Leningrad/Moscow, but didn’t surrender  winter came!

  27. The United States • Many thought we should stay out • President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep us out of war  Neutrality Acts • Prepared for attack just in case • 1st peacetime draft • Men ages 21-39 had to register • Started making war supplies • But Sept. 4th, 1941 a U-Boat fires & US in undeclared naval war w/ Germany

  28. JAPAN STRIKES IN THE PACIFIC

  29. Japanese Invasion Spreads • Japanese invaded Indochina, now what is Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam • American leaders were afraid Japan would threaten the Philippines & other Pacific islands • They were RIGHT!

  30. U.S. Enters the War December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaiian Islands Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base Less than two hours, Japan destroyed most of U.S. Pacific fleet More than 2,000 sailors & 68 civilians killed

  31. Declaration of War • Day after the attack at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan • Congress declared war that same day. • Italy & Germany, Japan’s allies, declared war on the U.S. three days later.

  32. Dec. 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy” - FDR VIDEO

  33. Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Allies United States Britain France Sides are Drawn

  34. Americans at War • Produced more and more airplanes, tanks, and other war supplies • Created new jobs • World War II ended Great Depression • Women took over many jobs • Power of federal government grew • Rationing (limiting what Americans could buy) so supplies could be sent overseas.

  35. Allies Strike Back • Bataan Death March in Phillipines one of reasons US bombed Japan • US sent L.C. Doolittle to bomb major cities in Japan (Doolittle’s raid on Japan) • Japan targets Midway Island (key US airfield)  Battle of Midway • Turned tide of war in Pacific against Japan • American success Midway

  36. Allies Take the Offensive • Gen. Douglas MacArthur  commander of Allied forces in Pacific • “island-hopping campaign” • “Hit em’ where they ain’t, let ‘em die on the vine” • Battle of Guadalcanal  “Island of Death”

  37. Problems for Japanese Americans • Some military leaders distrusted Japanese Americans • Were afraid they would help the “enemy” • Roosevelt ordered 110,000 Japanese Americans into “relocation camps” • Like prisons, fenced in w/ barbed wire • Soldiers guarded camps w/ guns • Had to sell their homes, businesses, & belongings.

  38. Problems Continue • Moved to Utah, California, Arizona, Wyoming, Arkansas, and Idaho • Had to wear identification tags • Over 17,000 Japanese Americans served in Army units even though their friends & families were being locked away by their own country.

  39. Holocaust Begins Mass slaughter of people Nazis believe Aryans were “master race” Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews  Nuremberg Laws Jews wore bright yellow star for ID Kristallnacht: “Night of Broken Glass”, beginning of persecution

  40. Isolating Jews Hitler 1st tried to kick Jews out, but countries refusing admittance Herded them into ghettos (segregated areas) to starve or die from disease Jews struggled to keep traditions and hang on

  41. Hitler’s Final Solution • Hitler impatient Jews not dying fast enough, so new plan, “Final Solution” • Genocide (mass killing) • 1940-1942 • SS rounded up Jews & taken to concentration camps  most lost 50 lbs in 1st month • Gas chambers, horrible conditions, crematoriums • Roughly 11 million deaths

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