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Surveillance, privacy & participation Fernando Galindo, University of Zaragoza, Spain

Surveillance, privacy & participation Fernando Galindo, University of Zaragoza, Spain. Teaching in the Faculties of Law: Privacy LEFIS Meeting Lapland University Rovaniemi (Finnland) 20th January 2007. Which kind of teaching requires the teaching of privacy?.

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Surveillance, privacy & participation Fernando Galindo, University of Zaragoza, Spain

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  1. Surveillance, privacy & participationFernando Galindo, University of Zaragoza, Spain Teaching in the Faculties of Law: Privacy LEFIS Meeting Lapland University Rovaniemi (Finnland) 20th January 2007

  2. Which kind of teaching requires the teaching of privacy? • Is it enough the teaching of the content of the Laws on data protection? • Is it enough the teaching of the characteristics of the techniques on data protection? • This paper as example to obtain some conclusions on teaching in the Faculties of Law • The paper presents the results of several research projects in the area of data protection

  3. Summary • Research context • Projects and the data of the International Survey Research (ISR) • Conclusion: research and teaching

  4. Research context • General data of the Survey • The Survey • GOVERNANCE • PRIME • EGOBS • LEFIS

  5. General data of the Survey • Penetration of Internet: comparison between countries • Comparison between continents • Internet users: comparison between countries • Comparison between continents

  6. Penetration of Internet: comparison between countries • Penetration of Internet : % of population by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  7. Comparison between continents: Northamerica • Penetration of Internet : % of population by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  8. Comparison between continents: Central and Southamerica • Penetration of Internet : % of population by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  9. Comparison between continents:Europa • Penetration of Internet : % of population by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  10. Comparison between continents: Asia • Penetration of Internet : % of population by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  11. Internet users: comparison between countries • Internet users: population in millions by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  12. Comparison between continents: Northamerica • Internet users: population in millions by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  13. Comparison between continents: Central and Southamerica • Internet users: population in millions by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  14. Comparison between continents: Europa • Internet users: population in millions by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  15. Comparison between continents: Asia • Internet users: population in millions by countries • www.internetworldstats.com (14.10.06)

  16. Initial conclusion • It is a fact the expansion of Internet around the world • There are enough users at least in the countries studied by the ISR • The researchers take not, in general, reference on these facts • The researches are made on concepts or general ideas without reference to citizen’s information, for example: • Technologies • E Commerce • E Government • The Laws on ICT • Privacy • Explanations on Laws and Technologies are enough resources to transfer to the future jurists the results of these conceptual researches • They are not enough didactical resources to study facts as the amount of Internet users in every context, the problem is that... • There are empirical researches in the area of data protection, that the future jurists must know and also realize, at least in cooperative form

  17. Projects and the data of the International Survey Research (ISR) • An example of empirical research on data protection: the ISR and several another projects, • The ISR • GOVERNANCE • PRIME • EGOBS • LEFIS

  18. International Survey Research (ISR) • Research on Surveillance and Privacy made in Queen’s University in Kingston (Canada). Department of Sociology • The Surveillance Project, Global Privacy of data, International Survey • The questionnaires were asked between June and August 2006. • Canada, United States, Mexico and Brazil in America, and France, Hungary and Spain in Europe. About 1000 persons in every country • On the citizens’ opinions about “global surveillance” and respect for “privacy” of different human activities

  19. GOVERNANCE • Governance and regulatory estrategies in the knowledge society (in Spain) • The GOVERNANCE (GERSOCO) Project pursues to design a theoretical model for the governance of the knowledge society addressing both the public and the private sectors. It attempts to analyse what conditions should the regulative instruments met in a society which is characterised by the overwhelming usage of ICT tools and the ever-increasing informative and legal exchanges over public telecommunication networks. • The guiding vision of the project is that any democratic conception of governance should assure a strong orientation to citizens. • Accordingly, the targeted model rests upon two pillars. • On the one hand, it studies the new forms of civic participation in the governance, regulation and legislation work, specially by means of ICT channels. • On the other, it analyses the ongoing development of social self-regulation as an appropriate means to involve citizens and social stakeholders in the regulation of the knowledge society. • As a result, both elements build up a theoretical model of e-governance which should serve to design legislative and regulative strategies which are able to conjugate the operative needs of pubic bodies (efficacy and economic efficiency) with the increasing demand for democratisation in the collective decision-making processes. • The basis of the project is to know the approach to the ICT made by citizens

  20. GOVERNANCE: Objectives • Governance and regulatory estrategies in the knowledge society (in Spain) • Separation of political powers: government • Economy and custom rules: governance • Do the citizens know the technology? • Do the citizens know the balance between government powers and governance rules in the knowledge society? • Do the citizens accept the knowledge and use by anothers on their personal information?

  21. GOVERNANCE and ISR • Do the citizens know the technology?

  22. Knowledge on Internet: in Spain

  23. Knowledge on Internet: comparative view

  24. Knowledge on Data mining: in Spain

  25. Knowledge on Data mining: comparative view

  26. Partial conclusion • Enough knowledge on technology • Moderate knowledge by the citizens on the possible use of recent technologies to process personal information

  27. GOVERNANCE and ISR • Do the citizens know the balance between government powers and governance rules in the knowledge society?

  28. Trust in the law on protection of personal information used by governmental departments (Spain)

  29. Trust in the law on protection of personal information used by private companies (Spain)

  30. Trust in Government (Spain)

  31. Trust in private companies (Spain)

  32. Partial conclusion • The citizens do not trust in general on the protection of the personal information by the laws • The citizens feel that the private companies made an abuse of the personal information non protected by the laws • Any way, the citizens have more trust in the treatment of personal information by the companies as by the governments

  33. GOVERNANCE and ISR • Do the citizens accept the knowledge and use by another on their personal information?

  34. Interest on personal data protection (in Spain)

  35. Interest on personal data protection (comparative view)

  36. Partial conclusion • The citizens have scarce interest in their personal data protection in relation with the use of the same by anothers

  37. Conclusions for GOVERNANCE from ISR • There are citizens opinions and feelings about the regulation of the knowledge society • It is very important to attend to the citizens opinions to establish principles for e government and e governance • The reflections coming from the existent laws and activities of institutions on personal information protection are not enough • The citizens do not trust in the treatment of their information by the Governments • The citizens understand that another must regulate the respect to their private information

  38. PRIME • PRIME is the same as Privacy and Identity Management for Europa. • It is a very big European Project. • PRIME aims to develop a working prototype of a privacy-enhancing Identity Management System. • To foster market adoption, novel solutions for managing identities will be demonstrated in challenging real-world scenarios, e.g., from Internet Communication, Airline and Airport Passenger Processes, Location-Based Services and Collaborative e-Learning. • The PRIME project receives research funding from the European Union's Sixth Framework Programme and the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science.

  39. PRIME : Objectives • Privacy and Identity Management for Europa • Design of hardware and software for new devices • According to data protection and identification management rules • Do the users know the personal data protection norms? • Do the users accept the knowledge of their personal information by shops, businesses and firms? • Do the citizens accept the ID cards? • Do the citizens accept the data bases on ID Cards? • Are there the same reactions in every European Union country?

  40. PRIME and ISR • Do the users know the personal data protection norms?

  41. Knowledge on laws on data protection Govern. Dep. (comparative view)

  42. Knowledge on laws on data protection priv. comp. (comparative view)

  43. Partial conclusion • The citizens do not know generally the laws on data protection in Govern. Dep. and priv. comp. • The knowledgement is more high in Europa as in another continents: the Laws on personal data protection and the correspondent institutions exist specially in Europa from the 70 years!

  44. PRIME and ISR • Do the citizens accept the ID cards?

  45. Acceptation of the ID Cards (comp)

  46. Acceptation of the ID Cards (Spain)

  47. Acceptation of the ID Cards (Brasil and Hungary)

  48. Partial conclusion • The citizens accept generally the use of ID cards in fast all countries • Not so many in Canada and USA • Many in France • Many in Spain: old tradition. The electronic ID Card is introduced (by initial experiences) • Many in Brazil and Hungary

  49. PRIME and ISR • Do the citizens accept the data bases on ID Cards?

  50. Data bases on ID Cards (comp)

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