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Minerals & Rock Unit Notes 7 th Grade Science

Learn about the three types of rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous) and the processes that form them. Discover how rocks can change between these types through the rock cycle.

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Minerals & Rock Unit Notes 7 th Grade Science

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  1. Minerals & Rock Unit Notes7th Grade Science

  2. Rocks Are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous Are made of one or more minerals

  3. Do not stay the same • Continually changed by processes such as Weathering, Erosion • Compaction, Cementation, Melting, and Cooling.

  4. Rocks can change to and from the 3 types The Rock Cycle Earth materials change back and forth among the different types of rocks.

  5. Igneous (Granite #11) Melting, Solidification Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Compaction, Cementation Recrystallization Melting, Solidification Recrystallization Metamorphic (Gneiss #14) Sedimentary (Sandstone #6) Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

  6. Processes that form Sedimentary Rock Weathering: the breaking down of the Earth’s material by natural processes (Water, Wind, Ice, Chemicals, etc.) into smaller pieces or sediments Erosion: weathered rock and soil particles are moved from place to place Deposition: weathered sediments are laid down in a new location creating new landforms or rocks Compaction: heavy sediments press down on the layers beneath Cementation: dissolved minerals flow between the sediments and cement them together

  7. Processes that form Igneous & Metamorphic Rock Melting: caused by heat and pressure around the rock to form magma Solidification: magma cools and hardens Recrystallization: while cooling, rock can develop crystals, depending on conditions

  8. Complete the following: • Turn in your Rock Cycle Directed Reading & Earthquake/Volcano Test Corrections • Get the 2 Directed Readings from the table • Have something to write with • Clear off your table

  9. Complete the following: • Turn in your Rock Cycle Directed Reading, Comic Strip & Earthquake/Volcano Test Corrections • Get the Igneous Rock Directed Reading from the table • Get out your Minerals & Rocks Notes • Have something to write with • Clear off your table

  10. Igneous • Igneous is Latin for “born of fire” • Formed from cooling magma or lava

  11. Forms when magma cools and solidifies • Some reaches the surface of earth before cooling, other cools under the surface

  12. Intrusive (Example: Granite) • Form below ground from magma • Usually has coarse crystals (grains) from cooling slowly • Some have large and small crystals • Form above ground from lava • Usually have small or no crystals from cooling quickly Extrusive (Examples: Pumice & Obsidian)

  13. Into the Bedrock On top (Exit) intrusive extrusive (crystals) (no crystals)

  14. Bedrock Magma!

  15. Complete the following: • Get out your Minerals & Rocks Notes • Get the Paper from the table • Have a Textbook • Have something to write with

  16. Igneous!

  17. But then the EARTH’S elements Will not leave the ROCK alone!

  18. Ice • Wind • Water ice wind water

  19. They break up the stone

  20. Deposit & Compress the Sediments One way Sedimentary Rock can be formed That ROCK changed again!

  21. Sedimentary Rock • Formed from sediments (rock fragments, mineral grains, animal and plant remains) that are pressed or cemented together or when sediments precipitates out of a solution. • Sediments are moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

  22. Water or wind breaks down (Weathering), moves (Erosion), and deposits sediment (Deposition) • The heavy sediments press down on the layers beneath (Compaction) • Dissolved minerals flow between the sediments and cement them together (Cementation)

  23. Sedimentary Rocks & Fossils • Deposited sedimentary rocks form horizontal layers called STRATA. • Process of arranging sedimentary rocks into layers is STRATIFICATION • Scientist know that the layers and fossils on top are YOUNGER than the fossils in lower layers •  Law of Superposition

  24. Types of Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic: made of broken pieces of other rocks. • Organic: remains of once living plants and animals are deposited in thick layers called fossils • Chemical: minerals dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water • Limestone made when calcite precipitates from sea water • Rock salt made from evaporation of sea waters

  25. The Rock Cycle Igneous Metamorphic ? Sedimentary

  26. The Rock Cycle Igneous Metamorphic kinda melted squished Sedimentary

  27. Bands (can) Form Metamorphic means “changed” Metamorphic!

  28. Metamorphic Rocks • Rocks changed due to intense heat and high pressure • “Meta-” means “changed” and “-morphosis” means “shape” in Greek • Igneous, Sedimentary and other Metamorphic rocks can change to become Metamorphic rocks

  29. Pressure from overlying rock layers • High heat, but not enough to melt the rock • Rocks may be flattened or bent or atoms may be exchanged to form new materials. • Think of metamorphic rocks as a squished peanut butter and jelly sandwich in your lunch. How Metamorphic Rocks Change m

  30. Types of Metamorphic RockFoliated • Has visible parallel layers or bands you can see • Example: Gneiss formed from rearrangement of minerals in Granite into bands • Not layered & no bands are formed • Example: Marble formed from Limestone Non-Foliated

  31. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic Sedimentary

  32. The Rock Cycle

  33. always changing…

  34. Youngest Rocks Here ! Volcano Roots here! Oldest Rocks Here !

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