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II. Basic Techniques in Structural Geology

II. Basic Techniques in Structural Geology. Field measurements and mapping Terminology on faults and folds Stereographic projections From maps to cross-sections Growth Strata Fault-related folds Seismic Imaging. Growth and pre-growth strata.

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II. Basic Techniques in Structural Geology

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  1. II. Basic Techniques in Structural Geology • Field measurements and mapping • Terminology on faults and folds • Stereographic projections • From maps to cross-sections • Growth Strata • Fault-related folds • Seismic Imaging

  2. Growth and pre-growth strata • The assumption of beds with constant thickness holds generally for ‘pre-growth’ strata. Syntectonic deposition will induce lateral variations of bed thickness. Such strata are called ‘growth strata’.

  3. (Burbank and Verges, 1994)

  4. Fault-bend folding … The non planar fault has a flat-ramp-flat geometry. Translation of the thrust sheet along that fault requires axial surfaces. Note the difference between the active and passive axial surfaces Courtesy of Frederic Perrier

  5. Example: Structure of a Fault-bend fold with Growth strata Growth triangles (Suppe et al., 1997; Hubert-Ferrari et al, 2007)

  6. Pre-growth strata

  7. Growth strata

  8. (Suppe et al, Journal of Structural Geology, 1996)

  9. Growth triangle…

  10. foldscarp… buttress unconformity

  11. growth axial surface as disconformity…

  12. Buttress unconformity…

  13. angular unconformity…

  14. growth axial surface as unconformity…

  15. 2 growth unconformities…

  16. A case study of a fold and thrust belt: The North Tian Shan Piemont A B (Charreau et al, 2008)

  17. Growth strata record of Kink Band migration (Huerguosi Anticline) A B (Charreau et al, 2008) (Suppe et al., 1997; Hubert-Ferrari et al, 2007)

  18. Modeling 12 equations ex: Kinematic model (Charreau et al, 2008)

  19. (Charreau et al, 2008)

  20. Modeling dip angles Bedding expected from the pure Fault-bend fold model Bedding measured in surface Bedding expected from the fault-bend fold model with growth strata (Charreau et al, 2008)

  21. Long Term History of Shortening (Charreau et al, 2008)

  22. Sedimentation History Accumulation rates– Piggy back Accumulation rates- magnetostratigraphy (Charreau et al, 2008)

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