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3.3 DNA Structure

3.3 DNA Structure. IB HL Biology. Lesson Objectives. Outline DNA nucleotide structure Outline how nucleotides join Explain how double helix is formed using complementary base pairing Draw and label a simple diagram of DNA DNA extraction activity. DNA.

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3.3 DNA Structure

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  1. 3.3 DNA Structure IB HL Biology

  2. Lesson Objectives • Outline DNA nucleotide structure • Outline how nucleotides join • Explain how double helix is formed using complementary base pairing • Draw and label a simple diagram of DNA • DNA extraction activity

  3. DNA • A molecule that contains the genetic information of all living things • Found in the nucleus of cells, organized into chromosomes • Deoxyribonucleic acid

  4. mRNA • A molecule that relays information from DNA to the rest of the cell • Directs the production of proteins • Ribonucleic acid

  5. Watson and Crick • James Watson and Frances Crick share the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the DNA double-helix (1953) • Used knowledge of other scientists to guide their research

  6. Nucleotides • Molecules composed of three parts • Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) • Phosphate group • Nitrogenous base (ring structure containing Nitrogen)

  7. Draw

  8. Zoom Science • Size of a nucleotide • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

  9. DNA Nitrogenous Bases • 4 bases • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T)

  10. RNA Nitrogenous Bases • 4 bases • Uracil (U) instead of Thymine

  11. Sugars RNA - ribose DNA - deoxyribose Both are pentose - 5 carbon sugar

  12. Nucleic Acid • A polymer of nucleotides is called a nucleic acid • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids

  13. Covalent Bonds • Join nucleotides together • Covalent bond between sugar and phosphate • Form a backbone Covalent bond

  14. Hydrogen bonds • Join the two DNA strands together • Between nitrogenous bases

  15. DNA • Two strands held in anti-parallel form - the two strands face opposite directions • Complementary - the sequence of one strand determines sequence of other strands (A-T) (C-G) • Forms a double helix

  16. Nelson DNA structure animation

  17. Homework • Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA • Show complementary base pairs • Hydrogen bonds • Covalent bonds making the sugar-phosphate backbone

  18. Homework • Textbook pg. 62 # 6 • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ • Tour of the basics • What is DNA • Build a DNA molecule Onion DNA Extraction • See lab handout

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