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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Chapter 1. Key Ideas. The primarily goal of a system is to create value for the organization . Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization. Key Ideas.

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1

  2. Key Ideas • The primarily goal of a system is to create value for the organization. • Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization.

  3. Key Ideas • The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas. • It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.

  4. THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

  5. Major Attributes of the Lifecycle • The project • Moves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputs • Produces project deliverables • Uses deliverables in implementation • Results in actual information system • Uses gradual refinement

  6. Project Phases • Planning • Why build the system? • Analysis • Who, what, when, where will the system be? • Design • How will the system work? • Implementation • System delivery

  7. Planning • Identifying business value • Analyze feasibility • Develop work plan • Staff the project • Control and direct project

  8. Analysis • Analysis • Information gathering • Process modeling • Data modeling

  9. Design • Physical design • Architectural design • Interface design • Database and file design • Program design

  10. Implementation • Construction • Installation

  11. Process Product Project Plan System Proposal System Specification New System and Maintenance Plan Planning Analysis Design Implementation Processes and Deliverables

  12. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Methodologies

  13. What Is a Methodology? • A formalized approach or series of steps • Writing code without a well-thought-out system request may work for small programs, but rarely works for large ones.

  14. Structured Design • Projects move methodically from one to the next step • Generally, a step is finished before the next one begins

  15. Waterfall Development Method

  16. Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Method Pros Cons Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins Design must be specified on paper before programming begins Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system

  17. Parallel Development

  18. Alternatives to the SDLC • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Phased Development • Prototyping • Throw-Away Prototyping

  19. Critical elements CASE tools JAD sessions Fourth generation/visualization programming languages Code generators Rapid Application Development

  20. Phased development A series of versions Prototyping System prototyping Throw-away prototyping Design prototyping Agile Development Extreme Development Rapid Application Development Categories

  21. How Prototyping Works

  22. Throwaway Prototyping

  23. Selecting the Appropriate Methodology • Clarity of User Requirements • Familiarity with Technology • System Complexity • System Reliability • Short Time Schedules • Schedule Visibility

  24. Criteria for Selecting a Methodology

  25. Summary -- Part 1 • The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation • The major developmentmethodologies: • Structured design • the waterfall method • Parallel development • RAD development • Prototyping (regular and throwaway) • Agile development • XP streamline SDLC

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