ECE5320 Mechatronics IGBT

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsIGBT Prepared by: Alberto Garcia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: alber.g@aggiemail.usu.edu ; T: (435)363-0564; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) W: http://mechatronics.ece.usu.edu 3/6/2009

2. Slide-2 Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application (application notes) • Major specifications • Limitations 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Slide-3 Reference list • http://www.irf.com/technical-info/whitepaper/choosewisely.pdf • http://www.automotivedesignline.com/howto/197801736 • http://www.dynexsemi.com/assets/Application_Notes/DNX_AN4503_Jul02.pdf • http://www.audiodesignline.com/198000919;jsessionid=1WGBX2HYWMR5SQSNDLRSKH0CJUNN2JVN?pgno=1 • http://www.irf.com/technical-info/appnotes/an-1045b.pdf • http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_6/12.html 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Slide-4 To explore further • http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/igbts/choose_igbts_solar_inverter_applications/ • http://powerelectronics.com/power_semiconductors/igbts/power_trench_igbts_improve/ • http://www.microst.eu/Tutorial/igbt.htm • http://www.microsemi.com/micnotes/apt0201.pdf 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Slide-5 Major applications · Motor control · Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) · Welding · Low-power lighting 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Slide-6 Basic Working Principle • N-channel Example • The N-channel IGBT is composed by an N-channel power MOSFET on a p-type substrate. This configuration gives the IGBT an operation very similar to a power MOSFET • When a positive voltage is applied form the emitter to the gate, electrons are drawn to the gate of the device. If the gate-emitter voltage is higher or equal than the threshold voltage, then a conductive channels is form across the body region, this channel allows current to flow from the collector to the emitter. In this state the device is ON. 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Slide-7 Basic Working Principle 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Slide-8 Basic Working Principle • Turn-on process 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Slide-9 Basic Working Principle The IGBT structure leads to the simplified equivalent circuit 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Slide-10 Basic Working Principle • The previous circuit shows an N-channel MOSFET driving a PNP transistor. • The second circuit is compose of a diode in series with the MOSFET drain terminal. • The IGBT provides the best characteristic of each elements. It provides the small driving current of the MOSFET and the power handling and fast switching of the BJT 03/06/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Sample Configuration • Full Bridge Inverter

12. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Sample Configuration • Full Bridge Inverter • Every IGBT symbol is equivalent to one or more IGBT connected in parallel • The pairs are configured such that when one pair is ON the other pair is OFF. When X1 and X4 are ON, X2 and X3 are OFF.

13. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications IGBT Selection Guide • Operating voltage : • The 80% of the VCES rating should be considered as the highest voltage to be blocked by the IGBT. • Current through the device: • The maximum guarantee operating current can be found in the first two numbers of the part number. If the application implies hard switching, then the usable frequency versus current graph can help to determine if the device being analyzed satisfy the application requirements.

14. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications IGBT Selection Guide • Switching speed: • The higher the switching speed the better it will be. The frequency versus current graph can also help in determining the appropriate switching speed. • Short circuit support: • In applications like motor drives or control of inductive loads it is good to have short circuit protection.

15. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Maximum ratings • VCES — collector-emitter voltage • When the gate is shorted to the emitter, this voltage specifies the maximum voltage that can be applied between the collector and emitter terminals. Since this is a maximum rating and depending on the temperature, the actual VCES could be less than the rated VCES.

16. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Maximum ratings • VGE — gate-emitter voltage • This specify the maximum continues voltage between the emitter and the gate. Exceeding this voltage could lead to a breakdown of the gate oxide and limit the short circuit current.

17. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Maximum ratings • VGEM — gate emitter voltage transient • This rating specify the maximum voltage pulse that can be applied between the gate and the emitter. Transients on the gate can lead to a breakdown of the gate oxide. This transient can be induced by the applied signal as well as tray inductance in the gate drive circuit.

18. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Maximum ratings • IC1, IC2 — continuous collector current • IC1 and IC2 are ratings of the maximum continuous DC current with the die at its maximum rated junction temperature.

19. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Limitations • Cost • BJT's are still superior in their ability to swithc high currents. • IGBT's have slower turn off time that BJT.