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ChemCatalyst

ChemCatalyst. How would you make an aluminum ion from an aluminum atom? What type of ion is this? How would you make an oxide ion from an oxygen atom? What type of ion is this?. ChemCatalyst. How would you make an aluminum ion from an aluminum atom? What type of ion is this?

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ChemCatalyst

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  1. ChemCatalyst • How would you make an aluminum ion from an aluminum atom? What type of ion is this? • How would you make an oxide ion from an oxygen atom? What type of ion is this?

  2. ChemCatalyst • How would you make an aluminum ion from an aluminum atom? What type of ion is this? • Al+3 so remove 3 electrons • Cation • How would you make an oxide ion from an oxygen atom? What type of ion is this? • O-2 so add 2 electrons • Anion

  3. (Ion)derstand Ions

  4. Ions • Atoms are neutral • Equal number of protons and electrons • Atoms can become chargedby gaining or losing an electron • Called ions • Ions are indicated with a (+) or (-) sign • Cations are positive • Anions are negative

  5. Why Gain or Lose? • Noble gases are unreactive • Most stable elements • Atoms of elements gain or loseelectrons to become more like noble gases

  6. Cations and Anions

  7. Two Types of Cations and Anions • Monatomic Ions • Ions containing one type of atom • Ca2+ O2- • Polyatomic Ions • Ions containing two or more types of atoms • NH41+ NO31-

  8. Metals (left side of table) • Form cations • Lose electrons to get to the noble gases • Only works if the charge is +3 or less

  9. Cation Formation Na+ Na e-

  10. Naming Metal Cations • Metal name + “ion” • For transition metals use systematic name • Metal name followed by charge written as a Roman numeral in paranthesis + “ion”

  11. Naming Metal Cations • Example • Write the systematic name for Fe+2 and Fe+3. • Fe+2 • Iron(II) ion • Fe+3 • Iron(III) ion

  12. Nonmetals (right side of table) • Form anions • Gain electrons to get to the noble gases • Only works if the charge is -3 or less

  13. Anion Formation Cl- Cl e-

  14. Naming Nonmetal Anions • Nonmetal root ending in “ide” + “ion” • Example • What is the name of the hydrogen anion? • Hydride ion • What is the name of the nitrogen anion? • Nitride ion

  15. Making Salt • What is the formula for table salt? • What does Na need to do to become like a noble gas? • Lose an electron • What does Cl need to do to become like a noble gas? • Gain an electron

  16. Making Salt

  17. But Why?! • Ions form so each atom can become like a noble gas • When the cation and anion form, we get two charged ions • Opposite charges attract • Electrostatic force • Ionic bond = Ionic compound • Metal + nonmetal • Left side + right side

  18. Trends in the Table • Alkali Metals • Form +1 ions • Alkaline Earth Metals • Form +2 ions • Transition Metals • Can have multiple charges • Halogens • Form -1 ions • Noble Gases • Do not form ions

  19. Chemical Formulas • Set of symbols that represent a compound • Contains two or more elements chemically combined • How does a chemical formula differ from a chemical symbol? • Formula is for a substance containing several elements • Symbol is for a single element

  20. Symbols vs. Formulas • What do Na and O represent? • The chemical symbols for sodium and oxygen • What does Na2Orepresent? • The chemical formula for sodium oxide • What does the 2 stand for? • 2 sodium ions • Why do we put subscripts? • To count atoms/balance charges

  21. Naming Formulas • Ionic compounds • What is the name of AlBr3? • No transition metal • Step 1: Writethe cationname • Cation is Al+3 = aluminum ion • Step 2: Write the anion name with the ending –ide • Anion is Br- = bromide • Aluminum bromide

  22. Naming Formulas • Ionic compounds • What is the name of NiS? • Nickel is a transition metal • Step 1: Write the cation name • Cation is Ni+2 • Step 2: Write the charge/ roman numeralof the cation in parenthesis • Nickel(II) • Step 3: Write the anion name with the ending –ide • Anion is S-2 = Sulfide • Nickel(II) sulfide

  23. Writing Formulas from names • What is the formula for potassium nitride? • K = alkali metal = not a transition metal • Cation is K+ • Anion is N-3 • K3N • What is the formula of chromium (III) chloride? • Roman numerals = transition metal, so charge is +3 • CationisCr+3 • AnionisCl- • CrCl3

  24. Naming Molecular Formulas • Molecular compounds • 2 nonmetals (right side + right side) • Uses prefixes • Do not write mono for first nonmetal • Second nonmetal has -ide ending

  25. Prefixes

  26. Examples • What is the name of PCl3? • 1 P = phosphorus • 3 Cl = trichloride • Phosphorus trichloride • What is the formula for dihydrogen monoxide? • Di = 2 H • Mon = 1 O • H2O

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