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Automated Smoke Point SP 10 IP 598, ASTM D1322, JIS K2537 ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91/91,

Automated Smoke Point SP 10 IP 598, ASTM D1322, JIS K2537 ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91/91, FTM 791-2107. The IP 57 and ASTM D1322 test methods. One of the oldest method and one of the last manual method without any alternative

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Automated Smoke Point SP 10 IP 598, ASTM D1322, JIS K2537 ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91/91,

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  1. Automated Smoke Point SP 10 IP 598, ASTM D1322, JIS K2537 ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91/91, FTM 791-2107

  2. The IP 57 and ASTM D1322 test methods • One of the oldest method and one of the last manual method without any alternative • Mandatory test for any jet fuel validation, correlation not accepted • Requires skilled technicians • Time consuming test • Precision established in 1974 • r = 2 and R = 3 (last European ILS, R= 4.6) • Safety issue • Direct observation of an open flame

  3. Significance and Use • This test method provides an indication of the relative smoke producing properties of kerosines and aviation turbine fuels in a diffusion flame. The smoke point is related to the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency.

  4. Significance and Use • The smoke point is quantitatively related to the potential radiant heat transfer from the combustion products of the fuel. Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on the metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot section parts of gas turbines, the smoke point provides a basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of these components.

  5. Jet Fuel Specifications

  6. IP 57 procedure - § 10.4 10.4 Light the candle and adjust the wick so that the flame is approximately 10 mm high and allow the lamp to burn for 5 min. Raise the candle until a smoky tail appears, then lower the candle slowly through the following stages of flame appearance: a) A long tip; smoke slightly visible; erratic and jumpy flame. b) An elongated, pointed tip with the sides of the tip appearing concave upward as shown in figure 4 (flame A). c) The pointed tip just disappears, leaving a very slightly blunted flame as shown in figure 4 (flame B). Jagged, erratic, luminous flames are sometimes observed near the true flame tip. These shall be disregarded. d) A well rounded tip as shown in figure4 (flame C). Determine the height of flame B to the nearest 0,5 mm. Record the height observed.

  7. Challenging test • Determine the height of flame B to the nearest 0,5 mm. Record the height observed. • Each operator may have a different appreciation

  8. Based on these observations, AD Systems has developed the first fully Automated Smoke PointSP 10

  9. W: 330 mm D: 390 mm H: 413 mm Total RM Licence

  10. Automated Smoke Point - SP 10 • Full compliance with ASTM D1322 and IP 598 • Same lamp and candle definition • Same test procedure • Phases from §10.4 to §12 are automated • Human eye replaced with CCD camera • Time saving • Set it and forget it procedure • Significant Reproducibility improvement

  11. The SP 10 uses a patented system based on a video camera that observes the flame and an actuator that adjusts the size of the flame. The flame image is digitalized and the dedicated software determines the height of the flame when its shape corresponds to the one described in the test method. Principle Digital camera Candle displacement system

  12. The use of the SP 10 is equivalent to a automated flash point apparatus. The candle is prepared according to the method instructions, positioned on conveyor and the rest of the test is fully unattended. Smoke Point – SP 10 3 2 1

  13. Test Menu: three modes • Calibration mode To determine the lamp correction factors with calibration blends • Verification mode To verify the calibration with reference fluids • Test mode To measure the smoke point

  14. CALIBRATION The SP 10 has a calibration database. This database memorizes all calibration tests with calibration blends at all different barometric pressures. To report a smoke point value with an unknown sample, first the SP 10 automatically selects in the database the two calibration values that are bracketing the result at the nearest (less than 7 hPa difference) barometric pressure, then it calculates the lamp correction factor and automatically corrects the mean value of the three flame height observations. Once the calibration database is built, it is no longer necessary to run calibration tests for each measurement.

  15. Verification • Several verification fluids with min and max limits for can be entered and memorized in the SP 10 • On regular intervals, according to the lab quality systems in place, verification tests can be performed • At the end of the verification test, the SP 10 reports the result and warns the user if the result is out of specification

  16. Test Mode • The SP 10 observes the flame, performs the three readings, calculates the mean value of the three readings, selects in the calibration database the two calibration values that are bracketing the mean value at the barometric pressure entered at beginning of the test, calculates the lamp correction factor and uses it to correct and report the smoke point result

  17. Benefits • Mimics strictly the manual method with improved precision • Quick, easy, and objective rating • Increases safety • Full results traceability • Complete test documentation • Reduces labor, minimum 30 min. per test • Very compact design

  18. Mimics strictly the manual method with improved precision Benefits • The SP 10 is an automated instrument • The candle, the lamp and the test protocol are rigorously according to the IP 598 (IP 57) and/or the ASTM D 1322 test methods • The precision is improved because the subjectivity to evaluate the flame shape is eliminated

  19. Quick, easy, and objective rating Benefits • The lab technician just has to prepare the candle, the five minute time for the flame stabilization is automatically controlled • The shape of the flame that corresponds to the smoke point (flame B in the ASTM D1322 test method) is memorized in the software. The SP 10 is recording the flame height exactly when the flame B appears. The subjectivity is totally eliminated.

  20. Full results traceability Benefits • Results database • Complete printing report • Traceability of periodic checks with CRM materials and monitoring if result is within the control limits • Calibration memory • Significant time gain on quality procedures

  21. Complete reporting Displayed detailed test report USB storage Print LIMS LAN

  22. Increases safety Benefits • The direct visual observation of the flame is eliminated. • The SP 10 automatically lights the candle and extinguishes it at the end of the test • No open flame handling

  23. Reduces labor Benefits • All phases after the candle and sample preparation are automated. • Set it and forget it • No need to run calibration tests for each determination: time saving = 30 min. per test • The SP 10 software includes a database with all test details • The manual reporting is eliminated • The SP 10 can be connect to a LIMS systems for automatic transmission of the results

  24. Precision For a 25 mm smoke point, the SP 10 precision is 4.2 times better than the manual method Energy Institute and ASTM Sub J03 conducted a joint inter laboratory study. The ILS was performed from November 2011 to February 2012 with 11 manual laboratories, 13 automated laboratories, 15 different samples tested in blind duplicate

  25. IP 598 • IP 598 (Determination of the smoke point of kerosine, manual and automated method) is now part of Def Stan 91-91, Issue 7, Amendment 2. • Additionally, the MoD (Ministry of Defense) which is responsible for Def Stan 91-91 has published an official document stating that the automated smoke point (SP 10) will be the referee method on Jan. 1st, 2014.

  26. ASTM D1322 • The SP10 Automated Smoke Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels and Kerosines is now officially part of ASTM D1322. The following statement is now included in the ASTM D1322 method: 1.2 An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2012 (see ASTM RR:D02-1747 for supporting data) involving 11 manual laboratories and 13 automated laboratories, with 15 samples tested in blind duplicate. The automated procedure demonstrated objective rating and superior control and should be considered the preferred approach.

  27. Give-awayReduction • In addition to the vastly increased precision, the new automated method offers nearly a 60-75% reduction in Labor Costs. Pre-calibration tests are no longer required which also represents a significant reduction in Labor Costs and virtually eliminates the need for routine blending of calibration standards. The most significant savings are realized in the improved precision. The new method drastically reduces “give-away” due to product over specification.

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