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Gender Socialization

Gender Socialization . Jess MacDonald . The Historical Context of the Study of Gender . Feminism: The belief that women and men are or should be equal 3 Waves of Feminism: 1 st Wave: 1848-1920 (political rights) Seneca Falls Convention

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Gender Socialization

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  1. Gender Socialization Jess MacDonald

  2. The Historical Context of the Study of Gender • Feminism: • The belief that women and men are or should be equal • 3 Waves of Feminism: • 1st Wave: 1848-1920 (political rights) • Seneca Falls Convention • “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal” • 19th Amendment • 2nd Wave: 1960s-1970s (social/civil rights) • 3rd Wave: 1980s-present (economic rights)

  3. Feminist Theory and the Study of Gender • Broad wide ranging theories that look at social phenomena and ask: • What about the women? • Why are the structures set up the way they are? • How can we change it?

  4. Sex vs. Gender • Sex • The biological characteristics that differentiate women and men (XX or XY Chromosome) • Gender • The socially constructed patterning of masculinity and femininity, and of relations between women and men

  5. “Doing Gender”: Socializing Gender in Society • Doing Gender: • (West and Zimmerman, 1987) the ongoing process through which people create gender for themselves and others by acting and appearing the way we “should” as men and women. • Gender as a social construction • Symbolic interaction

  6. Significant Others • Birth • Parents • Mead: Play stage • Education System/ Teachers

  7. Women and Men

  8. Women and Men

  9. Women and Men?

  10. Socialization: The Importance of Peers and Others in Society • Cognitive categorization into one group of the other • Gender expectations for women and for men • Sanctions for not behaving the way a man or woman is supposed to behave

  11. Socialization: The Media • Film, TV, advertising • Reinforce men’s and women’s roles • Jean Kilbourne: Killing Us Softly

  12. Implications of Gender and Gender Inequality • Violence against women • Around 18% of American Women have been raped • But only 26%-37% of rapes are reported • 1 in 4 college women will survive an attempted or completed rape • A woman is battered every 15 seconds in America

  13. Implications of Gender and Gender Inequality • Disordered Eating • 50% of girls 11-13 feel that they are overweight • 8 million people in the US have an eating disorder • 7 million women • 1 million men • 1 in 200 women in the US have anorexia nervosa • Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate out of any mental illness

  14. Implications of Gender and Gender Inequality • Prohibits gender equality: • Family and Home relations • Work and economic opportunity

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