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Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor

Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor. Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel correlations between NSSI and various inter- and intrapersonal risk and protective factors. Overview. NSSI

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Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor

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  1. Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel correlations between NSSI and various inter- and intrapersonal risk and protective factors.

  2. Overview • NSSI • Self-performed, deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. • No accepted within person’s culture.

  3. Methodology • Participants (surveyed twice, c. 4 months apart) • Matched sample: 322 (223 female) (mean age: 19.90 years, SD 5.76) • Measures • Deliberate self-harm inventory (7 items) • Toronto Alexithymia Scale (9 items) • Zung depression and anxiety scales (3 items each) • Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (2 items) • Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised (3 items) • 4 items assessing substance abuse • Barrett Impulsivity Scale II (6 items) • Resilience measure (3 items) • Schutte (adaptive use of emotions) (12 items)

  4. Findings: Prevalence • Lifetime prevalence (at T1 in 1st year of survey; N= 593): • Females: 46.1% • Males: 38.4% • Between the survey administrations 17.3% of participants (N=322) reported having engaged in NSSI

  5. Correlations • Correlations between T1 predictor variables and T2 NSSI **p<.01; ***p<.001

  6. Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship T1 T2 T1 T2 .34*** .36*** NSSI NSSI NSSI NSSI .17*** .13* .11*** .04 Depression Depression Anxiety Anxiety .50*** .63*** **p<.01; ***p<.001

  7. Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship .37*** ? NSSI NSSI .12** .10 ͣ -.01 Anxiety .55*** Anxiety .20** .20*** .11 ͣ Depression Depression .43*** ͣ p<.10; *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001

  8. Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship T1 T2 T1 T2 .37*** .35*** NSSI NSSI NSSI NSSI -.12* -.23* -.02 -.03 ͣ Self-esteem Self-esteem Resilience Resilience .80*** .42*** T1 T2 1. NSSI results in... ↓ Self-esteem ↓ Resilience ↓ Mindfulness 2. Low mindfulness linked to future NSSI .35*** NSSI NSSI -.14** -.08* mindfulness mindfulness .61*** ͣ p<.10; *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001

  9. Cross-lag correlations: Travel alongside T1 T2 T1 T2 .33*** .35*** NSSI NSSI NSSI NSSI -.07 ͣ .04 -.00 .05 Adaptive use of emotions Adaptive use of emotions Alexithymia Alexithymia .68*** .54*** T1 T2 T1 T2 .40*** .37*** NSSI NSSI NSSI NSSI .01 .04 .06 ͣ .03 Substance abuse Substance abuse Impulsivity Impulsivity .92*** .74*** ͣ p<.10; *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001

  10. Implications for treatment • What are the active ingredients in change? • Correlates: not all causal + necessary targets for therapy • Addressing the direct causal factors will potentially have a knock-on effect on other risk factors that travel alongside NSSI

  11. Implications for treatment: DBT • Importance of stabilising mood • Distress Tolerance • Emotion regulation • Importance of mindfulness • Regular mindfulness practice • Wise mind v. Emotion mind

  12. Summary • Depression and mindfulness were directly linked to higher rates of NSSI over time. • NSSI was directly linked to greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, lower resilience and lower mindfulness over time. • Alexithymia, adaptive use of emotions, impulsivity and substance abuse did not have a significant direct relationship with NSSI over time, or vice versa. • Depression and mindfulness as key targets in interventions

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