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UbiCom

UbiCom. UbiCom. Definition. Ubiquitous Computing (UbiCom). A vision for computing to: Enable computer-based services to be made available everywhere (Ubiquitous) Support intuitive human usage But yet, appear to be invisible to the user. Also referred to as pervasive computing etc.

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UbiCom

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  1. UbiCom

  2. UbiCom Definition

  3. Ubiquitous Computing (UbiCom) • A vision for computing to: • Enable computer-based services to be made available everywhere (Ubiquitous) • Support intuitive human usage • But yet, appear to be invisible to the user. • Also referred to as pervasive computing etc Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  4. Trend: Weiser’s 3 waves of computing Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  5. UbiCom is NOT Virtual Reality

  6. www.daonk.org

  7. UbiCom Properties

  8. Five main properties for UbiCom Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  9. Distributed • Networked • Discoverable • Mobile/Ad hoc • Orchestrated • Choreographed Easy Difficult

  10. Context-Aware • Context sensing • Passive context-aware • Context composition • Context control • Adaptive context adaptation Easy Difficult

  11. iHCI • eHCI & WIMPS (window, icon, menu, pointing device) • eHCI & Natural UI • User Profiling • Static, Episodic, User Awareness • Dynamic, Sequential, User Awareness Easy Difficult

  12. AI • Syntactical Interactions (rules) • Semantics & Linguistics (relationship) • Problem Solving (reasoning) • Goals & Plans • Handling uncertainty Easy Difficult

  13. Autonomous • Environment aware • Self healing • Self aware • Adaptive, Predictive • Automatic control Easy Difficult

  14. Multi-Level

  15. UbiCom Concept models

  16. UbiCom System Model: Smart DEI • 3 basic architectural design patterns for UbiCom: • Devices • Environments • Interaction Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  17. UbiCom System Model: Smart DEI Device Trends Increasing capability for more interoperable distributed mobile devices Increasing capability to embed devices in the physical environment Increasing capability to manufacture low power, micro, more complex devices Use more service access devices with simpler functions and allow them to interoperate – smarter interaction between devices Use smarter environments to sense and react to events such as people, with mobile devices , entering & leaving controlled spaces Use more complex, multi-functional, mobile, personalised (& private) smart devices to ease access to & embody services rather than just to virtualise them e.g., walls can sense camera is recording and modify lighting to improve recording e.g., camera can interconnect to phone to share recordings, direct to printer to print e.g., phone is also a camera, music player, is also a printer?? Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  18. UbiCom Devices

  19. Smart Device Form Factors • Devices tend to become smaller and lighter in weight, cheaper to produce. • Devices can become prevalent, made more portable and can appear less obtrusive. Weiser proposed a range of device sizes • Tabs: wearable centimeter sized devices • Pads: hand-held decimeter-sized devices • Boards: meter sized interactive display devices. Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  20. Smart Device Form Factors (2) Form Factors can be extended to support • Smart Dust • Smart Skins • Smart Clay Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  21. MEMS Micro fabrication and integration of low-cost sensors, actuators and computer controllers, MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) Photo: courtesy of Brett Warneke Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  22. DUST Dust: miniaturized devices can be without visual output displays, e.g., Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ranging from nanometers through micrometers to millimeters. Smart Dust project , Pister, UC,Berkely hypothesized that dust could be spread around environment to receive and report changes

  23. SKINS Skin: fabrics based upon light emitting and conductive polymers, organic computer devices, can be formed into more flexible non-planar display surfaces and products such as clothes and curtains ‘SmartSecondSkin’ is an artefact designed by Jenny Tillotson to illustrate a responsive fabric inspired by neurobiological delivery mechanisms found under skin.

  24. CLAY Clay: ensembles of MEMS can be formed into arbitrary three dimensional shapes as artifacts resembling many different kinds of physical object ‘MIT’s Tangible Media Group is an actuated tabletop display, which is able to render and animate three-dimensional shapes with a malleable surface. It allows users to experience and form digital models like geographical terrain in an intuitive manner.

  25. http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.php

  26. Device: Location • Stationary • Mobile • Wearable: • Embedded (into objects): • Implanted (into humans): • Unanchored: Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  27. UbiCom Environment

  28. UbiCom Environment Consists of a set of smart devices specialised to interact with their Virtual, physical or human environments. • Typically, embedded single task devices • Can automatically respond to or anticipate users, using iHCI • Smart environments support bounded, local user context • Smart environment devices may also be: • stationary versus mobile • macro to micro to nano Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  29. UbiComp Interactions

  30. Human Interface Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  31. Computer Sensors

  32. Computer Outputs

  33. Example: Touch Screen

  34. CONTEXT

  35. Context Awareness Can be exploited to beneficially lessen the degree of explicit iHCI needed. User context-awareness can include: • Cultural and social environment context • Place in time, space • Users’ physical characteristics • User presence in a locality or detected activity • User identity • User planned tasks and goals • Users’ situated tasks • User emotional state Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  36. Augmentation • Augment the user: • Human Interface • Augment the physical object: • Computer Sensors • Augment the surrounding environment: • Computer Output Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  37. NEW SENSORS

  38. Examples?

  39. NEW TAGS http://hunscher.typepad.com

  40. Examples?

  41. NEW MEANING

  42. UbiComp ASSIGNMENT

  43. Ubiquitous computing applied • Ubiquitous commerce- R.E.I • Ubiquitous nutrition – Whole Foods • Ubiquitous learning - Leapfrog • Ubiquitous entertainment – Discovery Channel • Ubiquitous giving – Child Fund

  44. Ubiquitous computing applied • Persona > complexity, empathy • Narrative/Storyboard > actors, stage, storyline • UbiCom concept model > devices, environments and interactions • Design <->Prototype > Visualize solution • Present

  45. UbiComp Appendix

  46. Sensor Applications Examples • Cars: air pressure, brake-wear, car-doors, engine etc • Lap-top: accelerometers – switch off computer disks when dropped • Retail, logistics: RFIDs • Heaters: thermostats • Infrastructure protection / Intrusion detection (active sensors) • Environment monitoring • Industrial sensing & diagnostics • Battlefield awareness Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interaction

  47. Sensors can be characterized according to: • passive (tags) vs. active • Single sensors vs sensor arrays vs sensor nets • Read-only program vs. re-programmable

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