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Menopause Treatment Guidelines and Recommendations: A Comprehensive Overview

This scientific statement provides detailed guidelines and recommendations for menopause treatment, including hormone therapy, dosage, duration, and associated risks. It covers various studies and consensus reports on hormone replacement therapy, stroke risks, gallbladder disease, and breast cancer risks associated with different HRT options.

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Menopause Treatment Guidelines and Recommendations: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. An US Endocrine SocietyScientific Statement July 2010 De menopause is een natuurlijk proces. De behandeling ook. Paul PIETTE Scientific & Medical Affairs Director Mobile + 32 (0) 475 43 69 49 Phone + 32 (0) 333 28 50 – 51 ppiette@besins-healthcare.com LOK, Brugge 17 maart 2011

  2. De goede klinische praktijk • beveelt de • laagste doeltreffende dosis • aan om overgangsklachten • te verlichten Belgian Menopause Society. Consensus van de Belgian Menopause Society over hormonale substitutietherapie na de menopauze. Gunaikeia 2009; 14(1): 14-17

  3. Level of Evidence A An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95 (07): suppl 1. • Treatment Initiation with 1,25 g gel to be increased to 2,5 g if necessary • Faster efficacy and higher improvement rate of hot flushesseverity and frequency with 2,5 g Archer DF (Oestrogel Study Group).Menopause 2003; 10(6): 516-521

  4. Gemiddeld aantal matige tot ernstige warmteopwellingen gedurende 12 weken behandeling Laagste doeltreffende dosis Notelovitz M, Lenlhan JP, McDermott M, Kerber IJ, Nanavati N, Arce J.Initial 17beta-estradiol dose for treating vasomotor symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2000 ; 95 : 726-731

  5. Duration of the treatment • Arbitrary limitations in duration of usage should be avoided as some women may have symptoms which continue indefinitely and/or may be at significantly increased fracture risk and so warrant long-term usage of HRT. IMS Recommendations 2008 Climacteric 2008; 11(2): 108–123

  6. Level of Evidence A * * New FDA labelling for bisphosphonates“Warnings and Precautions” (October 2010, 13th): Possible link between the long-term use of these drugs (> 5 years ) and an increased risk for an atypical femur fracture, known as subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femur fractures

  7. Level of Evidence A

  8. Level of Evidence A

  9. BMj June 2010 Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  10. Stroke risk by drug type and route of administration Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  11. Stroke risk by dose and by route of administration Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  12. Stroke risk by duration and route of administration Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  13. Stroke risk by HRT type, dose and route of administration in GPRD Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  14. Take Home Message Renoux C et al. BMJ 2010; 340: c2519

  15. Level of Evidence A

  16. HRT and gallbladder disease…New publication in the B.M.J. Liu B et al.Br Med J 2008;337:a386. doi:10.1136/bmj.a386

  17. Key message • Use of transdermal oestrogens are associated with a substantially lower risk of gallbladder disease than use of oral oestrogens • Over a five year period one cholecystectomy could be avoided for every 140 postmenopausal women of transdermal therapy rather than oral

  18. Selected conclusions with Level of Evidence B

  19. Selected conclusions with Level of Evidence B

  20. P<0.05 P<0.05 Sleep EEG parameters * (min +/- SD) P<0.05 400 80 200 40 * before treatment (Baseline), at day 21 Placebo or Progesterone (300mg/d) treatment TST = Total Sleep Time SPT = Sleep Period Time Schüssler P et al. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33: 1124 1131 Caufriez A et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2558

  21. Vergelijkende studie betreffende de doeltreffendheid van natuurlijk progesteron op de levenskwaliteit (QoL) Fitzpatrick LA, et al. Comparison of regimens containing oral micronized PGor medroxyPG acetate on quality of life in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional survey. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000; 9: 381-387

  22. Selected conclusions with Level of Evidence B

  23. Selected conclusions with Level of Evidence C

  24. Review in Maturitas (2008) L’Hermite et al. Maturitas 2008; 60: 185-201.

  25. Relative risks for invasive breast cancer by type of HRT and type of progestagen, compared with HRT never-use (E3N cohort study, N=80.377) 1.60 1.30 1.10 1.00 E2: estradiol; mic P4: micronized progesterone; DHG: dydrogesterone; synt. Prog,: synthetic progestins (mainly nomegestrol acetate, promegestone, chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, medrogestone) Fournier A et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 107: 103-111.

  26. RR 3.0 Ductal (n= 1,560) Lobulaire (n= 448) 2.5 E2 + 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.0 0.5 E2 alone E2 + DHG E2 + synt.P New publication: E3N Study 1990-2002 Relative Risks of Histology-Defined Breast Cancers Fournier et al. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 1260-1268

  27. Bij het zeer vroegtijdig opstarten van een behandeling vanaf het begin menopauze is de keuze van het progestageen van primordiaal belang La ménopause est naturelle. Son traitement aussi. La ménopause est naturelle. Son traitement aussi.

  28. Follow up van de E3N cohorte van 1992 tot 2005: Hazard Ratios (HR) van invasieve borstkanker* *voor het opstarten van een HST binnen de drie jaar na het begin van de menopauze in functie van: • het type progestageen • de totale behandelingssduur (≤2 jaar of 2-5 jaar) vergeleken met niet-behandelde patiënten (1) Fournier A et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009 ; 27(31): 5138- 5143.

  29. Take Home Message • Orale HST op basis van natuurlijk progesteron, opgestart vanaf het begin van de menopauze, wijzigt het risico op borstkanker niet, en dit in tegenstelling tot HST op basis van synthetische progestagenen.

  30. Selected conclusions with Level of Evidence C

  31. New publication in the B.M.J. Canonico et al.BMJ 2008; 336 (7655): 1227-1231

  32. Risk of VTE by characteristics of HRT among users of oral estrogen 2.6 (2.0-3.2) 4.0 (2.9-5.7) 2.1 (1.3-3.8) Canonico et al.BMJ 2008; 336 (7655): 1227-1231

  33. Risk of first episode of VTEby study design and route of oestrogen administration 2.5 (1.9-3.4) 1.2 (0.9-1.7) 2.1 (1.4-3.1) Canonico et al.BMJ 2008; 336 (7655): 1227-1231

  34. The ESTHER Study, VTE risk (oral versus Transdermal) (1.5 – 10.0) 4,5 4 3,5 Adjusted OddsRatio (95% CI) 3 2,5 2 4,2 (0.4 – 2.1) 1,5 1 1 0,5 0,9 (0.4 – 2.1) 0 nonusers Transdermal Oral Canonico M, Scarabin P. Circulation 2007; 115: 840-845

  35. Conclusions In this large study, we found that route of estrogen administration and concomitant progestogens type are 2 important determinants of thrombotic risk among postmenopausal women using hormone therapy. Transdermal estrogens alone or combined with progesterone might be safe with respect to thrombotic risk. Canonico M et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010; 30(2): 340-345

  36. Hazard Ratios of Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism in Relation to Both Estrogens by Route ofAdministration and Concomitant Progestogens Canonico M et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010; 30(2): 340-345

  37. IMS Recommendations • The risk of thromboembolic disease is not significantly increased in observational studies of women using transdermal estrogen therapy. Key practice point: • Women seeking HRT who have potential or confirmed risk factors for VTE and stroke need individualized counseling; in these situations, transdermal HRT might be preferable to oral formulations.

  38. New publication from GPRD database (May 2010)

  39. Cases/control Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI) No use 19849 / 201985 Past use 1107 / 9520 1.11 (1.04-1.19) Oral route of administration Estrogen 729 / 5105 Estrogen-progestogen 1277 / 9342 1.49 (1.37-1.63) 1.54 (1.44-1.65) Transdermal route of administration Estrogen 273 / 2721 Estrogen-progestogen 92 / 1043 1.01 (0.89-1.16) 0.96 (0.77-1.20) * The rate ratio was adjusted for all characteristics listed in the publication Estrogens by route of administration and VTE risk (GPRD study) Renoux C et al. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 979-986

  40. Cases/control Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI) 2.32 (1.83-2.94) Current exclusive oral estrogen users ≤ 1 year 96 / 447 1.92 (1.63-2.25) Current exclusive oral estrogen-progestogen users ≤ 1 year 199 / 1156 No use 19849 / 201985 1.19 (1.04-1.35) Oral E low dose 280 / 2468 < 0.625 MG CEE or E2 < 2 MG 1.55 (1.45-1.65) Oral E high dose 1384 / 10009 = 0.625 MG CEE or E2 = 2 MG 1.84 (1.63-2.09) Oral E very high dose 342 / 1970 Higher daily dose * The rate ratio was adjusted for all characteristics listed in the publication Duration of HRT, dose of oral estrogens, and VTE risk (GPRD study) Renoux C et al. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 979-986

  41. Take Home Message • HST voorgeschreven tijdens de Window of opportunity, bij gezonde gemenopauseerde vrouwen, vermindert op significante wijze het risico op coronair hartlijden. Grodstein F. et al.J Women’s Health. 2006;15(1): 35-44.

  42. EMAS POSITION STATEMENT Summary recommendations • Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in women. Postmenopausal status is associated with a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease. • Randomized controlled trial data show that HT does not have a role in the primary prevention of CHD in women over 50, but most information is limited to conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. HT does not have a role in the secondary prevention of CHD; but the number of patients involved i randomized controlled trials is small. • The lowest effective estrogen dose should be used for menopausal symptoms (17beta-estradiol 0.5–1mg orally daily, conjugated equine estrogen 0.3–0.625mg daily orally, or 25–50g 17ß-estradiol transdermally). Schenck-Gustafsson et al. Maturitas 2011; 68: 94-97

  43. EMAS POSITION STATEMENT Summary recommendations • Transdermal HT should be the first choice in women either at increased risk of CHD or with pre-existing disease because of its lesser effects on coagulation. • Regular follow up by a specialist service is recommended. • Observational studies suggest that micronized progesterone or dydrogesterone may have a better risk profile than other progestogens with regard to thrombotic risk. Schenck-Gustafsson et al. Maturitas 2011; 68: 94-97

  44. Besluit… ...de laagste doeltreffende dosis ... orale HST op basis van natuurlijk progesteron, opgestart vanaf het begin van de menopauze, wijzigt het risico op borstkanker niet

  45. Take Home message • Rehabilitation of the HRT • Clinical efficacy, QoL* and sleep improvement • The window of opportunity • Osteoporosis prevention • Cardiovascular protection • The same dose does not fit for all women * QoL Quality of Life Climacteric 2008; 11(2): 108–123

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