Outline

1. The International Development ClimateOpportunities and Threats to Advancing Media and Communications in AfricaUN Economic Commission for Africa9 March, 2006

2. Outline • Overview ofsome recent International Changes • Opportunities • Threats/Challenges • Update on African Media Development Initiative

3. The International Development ClimateSome recent changes • Increased commitment to ‘governance’ through bi-lateral and multilateral donors • From 1990-2003, largest increase in aid to Africa was in governance sector (4% - 12%), outstripping both health and education (DAC,2005) • Recognition that media and communications has an important part to play underlined by last year’s Commission for Africa and further recent developments: - Githongo affair emphasised the case for support to local media sector to question local transparency, scrutinise direct budget support and mobilise popular participation (Benn speech, Feb 2006) - DFID White Paper focuses on what is required to build ‘effective states’ - Wolfowitz and the ‘war on graft’

4. Potential New Sources and Supporters • Technology-based Foundation sector in the US is becoming more internationally focused • Foundations are linking support to local media to positive changes in governance and transparency, but also want to support scale and are driven by an ‘investment culture’ • Large international gatherings of opinion formers and influencers are taking governance issues seriously (CGI, Davos, Business Sector) • UN has not had a co-ordinated role in relation to media support, will UNDP under Dervis play a more proactive role? • Similarly, despite shortcomings of the ‘war on graft’ will this make the explicit linkage for the World Bank between investment in media reform and good governance?

5. Opportunities • Increased international focus on support to governance strategies and recognition that media can play a role in achieving better governance • Convergence of authorities and still some remaining momentum to back this up – UNDP, World Bank, CfA, Bi-laterals, New sources showing interest • Internal/External pressures for reform and opportunity to place media reform at heart of African and international policy agenda • Opportunity to engage private sector, non-traditional donors and wider financing community

6. Threats/Challenges • Funding for ICD from bi-laterals and multi-laterals doesn’t match rhetoric, is too short term and doesn’t sufficiently recognise scale of investment required, and is held back by the - • Lack of existing evidence to make the case for the linkages between investment in ICD and positive changes in public participation and accountability of government and the lack of planned monitoring mechanisms • Internal reform agenda falters (Nigeria, Ethiopia) and scale of proposed reform of media and communications sector is too politically sensitive • No appetite from African policy makers and bodies to embrace or promote politically highly charged tinkering with control of means of information • Lack of ambition, focus and unwillingness of ICD ‘sector’ to engage multiple players means nothing substantial happens and opportunity is missed

7. Overview of African Media Development Initiative Project • Commission for Africa Report recommendation called for: “independent media institutions, public service broadcasters, civil society and the private sector, with support from governments, should form a consortium of partners, in Africa and outside, to provide funds and expertise to create an African media development facility.” • DFID supports research in 17 countries through three African universities that would map developments and inform priorities (ABU, Dar, Rhodes) • World Bank (IFC) to support companion study of private sector media investment • Gates Foundation supports Media Forum to discuss outcomes of research and options for future

8. Advisory Committee • Luckson Chipare, Director of Media Institute of Southern Africa, Namibia • Edetean Ojo, Media Rights Agenda, Nigeria • Muthoni Wanyeki, Director, FEMNET, Kenya • Wilfred Kiboro, CEO of Nation Group, Kenya • Moeletsi Mbeki – Chair, Endemol Productions, South Africa • Arlindo Lopes, Former CEO, Mozambique TV Others being approached to provide additional geographical balance and sector perspectives

9. AMDI Countries and Researchers Eastern Africa University of Dar-es-Salaam: Dr Mwajabu Possi, Kenya –Lucy Wangui Maina, Lecturer at Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya Ethiopia –Dr Gebremedhin Simon Gebretsadik, Professor at Addis Ababa University, Institute of Language Studies Democratic Republic of Congo –Professor Dominque Mweze, Professor at Catholic University of Kinshasa, DRC Somalia –Jamal Abdi Ismail, Independent Consultant Uganda –Dr John Khamalwa, Senior Lecturer and Co-ordinator, Social Anthorpology and Religion, Institute of Languages, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Tanzania –Simon Shayo, Senior Research Executive, BBC WS Trust

10. AMDI Countries and Researchers Western Africa Ahmadu Bello - University (Dr Mohammed Umar-Buratai, Senior Lecturer, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria) Nigeria –Dr. Jenkeri Zakari Okwori, Associate Professor of Development communication, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria Sola Adeyanju, Lecturer at Department of Mass Communication, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Ghana –Dr Samuel Kefewo, Visiting Lecturer at University of Cape Coast, Ghana Cameroon –Dr Charles Alobwede, Lecturer at Department of English Modern Letters and Department of Bilingual Studies at University of Yaoundé Senegal- Dr Ibrahima Seck, Assistant Professor at History Department, Cheikh Anta Diop Unviersity, Dakar, Senegal, Secretary General of the African Branch of the West African Research Association Sierra Leone –Dr David Tam-Baryo, Executive Director, Centre for Media Education and Technology

11. AMDI Countries and Researchers Southern Africa Rhodes University (Prof. Guy Berger, Head of School of Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes University) Angola –Mario DePaiva, Media Consultant and Freelance Journalist Botswana –Sechele Sechele, Independent Media Consultant Mozambique –Fernando Gonzales Andre, Editor, Savana (weekly news publication) Zimbabwe –Rashweat Mukundu, Zimbabwean Journalist and freedom-of- expression activist South Africa –Anne Taylor, Independent Media Consultant Zambia –Professor Fackson Banda, SAB Miller Chair of Democracy and Media, School of Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes University

12. Question 1 • Key development in the media sector of your country over the last five years • Media sector comprises of • TV stations pop. can or could receive • Radio stations pop. can or could receive • Press – newspapers • ICT • Five years= 2000-present • Key development is • Growth in number of stations, licenses, liberalisation, etc • Diversity of genre • Ownership & control • Softer opinion analysis of sector- govt response/freedom

13. Question 2 • How have media development activities contributed to the media sector during this time? • Media development activities: Internally or externally funded activities which contribute to the development of independent and pluralistic media including • Government policy and regulation • Change management – for organisations • University curriculum development • Creating new media outlets • Technology transfer incl. ICT • Media training/capacity building • Media literacy • Audience research and monitoring

14. Question 3 • What contributions are likely to make the greatest impact on the development of the media within Sub-Saharan Africa in the future?

15. Work Plan • JAN Team Briefing • FEB Protocol Development Planning Briefing Recruitment of Researchers Methodology briefing • MAR Question 1 data gathering by Country Researchers • APR Reports completed – Question 1 Question 2 and 3 data gathering • MAY Reports completed – Question 2 and Question 3 • JUN Reports completed (Case Studies) Technical Review (Advisory Group and others) • JULY/AUG Analysis of findings for Forum • SEPT Media Forum, Johannesburg, 27/28 September • OCT - DEC Dissemination of reports: (17 country, and 1 overall report with findings and conclusions with case studies)