Chapter 7

1. http://geneticssuite.net/node/11 Chapter 7 Cellular respiration

2. “Stop and Think” pg. 340 What variable or variables affected the volume in your test tube? Provide evidence for your answer using that your team and other teams collected. Yeast needs a source of food in the form of chemical energy for cellular respiration. What do you think was the source of chemical energy in the investigation? Anacharis gave of the same gas in Part I Cellular Activities in Plant as the gas that was in the test tube. Where do you think the gas came from? Use what you know about the law of conservation of matter. Write your ideas down in your notebook.

3. “Stop and Think” pg. 340 • Yeast was the variable that affected the volume of gas • Sugar was the source of chemical energy in the investigation • Gas did not come from the air, right? • So where did it come from? • The gas came from the molecules that must have been in the yeast and Anacharis.

4. Quick Review Sound Familiar? Cell Analogy Project Photosynthesis http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/basiccytology1.shtml

5. Cellular Respiration Occurs in the cytosol and the mitochondria Cytosol: jelly like substance in the cytoplasm Mitochondria: ? Mitochondria "cellular power house“, they generate most of the cell's supply of (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/2011/05/cytosol.html

6. We have the where but what is cellular respiration? • Occurs within all living things plants and animals • Is essential for survival • Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy • Wait didn’t we just make glucose in photosynthesis? • All that work we did and now we are going to break it down? • Yup! • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • Look Familiar? Photosynthesis equation. • C6H12O6+ 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP • WHOA! Mind blown? Cellular Respiration Equation

7. Can occur with or without oxygen Aerobic Respiration: Cellular respiration with oxygen • Three Stages: • Each stage involves a series of chemical reactions to produce ATP for energy Stages include: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain http://biocom.wikispaces.com/Photosynthesis+%26+Cell+Respiration

8. Glycolysis INPUT • First stage aerobic respiration • Occurs Cytosol • Glucose: two molecules of pyruvate Glucose • Begin 6-Carbon Sugar • Two ATP molecules transfer a phosphate to glucose • Glucose: two molecules containing 3 carbons • Rearrangement of Carbon atoms: pyruvate. ATP and NADH are produced • Two molecules of pyruvate formed • Pyruvate: carbon molecule found at the end product of glycolysis Pyruvate OUTPUT http://jasowers13.edublogs.org/2011/06/08/8-1-2-outline-the-process-of-glycolysis-including-phosphorylation-lysis-oxidation-and-atp-formation/ Diagram modified by: Tiffany Adams

9. INPUT C C C Krebs Cycle In Mitochondria Pyruvate NAD+ • 2 molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria • Each pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon molecule • Enzymes release CO2 from pyruvate • NADH & ATP produced • Two more ATP molecules NADH CO2 C C NADH Krebs Cycle NAD+ CO2 NAD+ NADH ADP 2ATP OUTPUT CO2 Created by Tiffany Adams based on textbook Figure 7.11 page 324. BSCS Science: An Inquiry Approach. Colorado: Kendall Hunt, 2006

10. Electron Transport Chain • Uses the NADH from previous stages (INPUT) • NADH molecules carry the H atoms • H separated: electrons & protons • Electrons move from carrier to the next they release Energy • Protons are pumped across the membrane (concentration gradient) • this drives ATP productionas protons DIFFUSE back to the mitochondria • Protons diffuse are pumped thru ATP synthase (creating the most ATP) (OUTPUT) • End: electrons and protons join with O2 to form H2O(OUTPUT) http://biochemistryforlife.wikispaces.com/Respiration http://icanhasscience.com/fun-stuff/sour-patch-kids-are-full-of-protons/

11. Anaerobic Respiration • Anaerobic respiration: oxygen NOT required • Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP • ATP production ends glycolysis • Pyruvate is converted into other molecules (fermentation) Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation/Lactate Net ATP =2 Citric acid cycle= Krebs cycle Net ATP=36 http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch09/anaerobic.html

12. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-ZZETT6F-s

13. Biosynthesis • ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells • Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules • Such as the formation of starch from glucose • Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure • Definition provided by definition bing.com • biological production of chemical substances: the synthesis of chemical substances as the result of biological activity

14. “Stop and Think” pg. 344 Where does cellular respiration take place? Why do you think it is important that plants contain mitochondria? What evidence do you have that cellular respiration occurs in plant cells? Think back to your investigation of Anacharis. What gases did the plant exchange? How is combustion similar to respiration? Recall that you learned about combustion of methane in the Matter Is Marvelous Unit. The reactions are shown here. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration use a T-table or Venn diagram to list any similarities and differences between them. Combustion CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + H2O + heat Cellular Respiration C6H12 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

15. “Stop and Think” pg. 344 Inside the cells Because it is where the cellular respiration takes place in plant cells as well as yeast and animal cells When we saw a decrease in pH with the Anacharis. This indicates that the Anacharis can five off carbon dioxide, which is a product of cellular respiration Combustion and cellular respiration both give off carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Combustion the energy is heat and in Cellular respiration the energy is ATP

16. 5. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration use a T-table or Venn diagram to list any similarities and differences between them. http://gottalovebio.wikispaces.com/H+Giavedoni

17. What functions are ATP molecules used for? • What role does glucose play in cellular respiration? • Create a concept map of the process of cellular respiration using the following words and any other words you would like to add. Remember to use verbs to connect the concepts to show relationships. Arrange the concept map so that the most universal concept is at the top. • Cellular Respiration • Water • Carbon Dioxide • ATP • Why is cellular respiration important to all living things, including plants? • What do you think the relationship is between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Keep in mind how the reactants, products, and energy in these processes might be related the generalized equations are shown here “Reflect and Connect” pg. 345 • Oxygen • Biosynthesis reactions • Glucose • Photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6+ 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

18. “Reflect and Connect” pg. 345 ATP molecules are needed for basic cell functions such as active transport across membranes and biosynthesis molecules. Glucose provides the energy that is converted to ATP during cellular respiration Concept map on next slide Cellular respiration is important for all living things because it provides energy in the form of ATP that is necessary to carry out basic cellular processes. You provide me the answers.

19. 3. Concept Map INPUTS OUTPUTS Cellular Respiration Gives off Is used in Is used in Gives off Glucose CO2 includes Gives off includes includes H2O O2 ATP Glycolysis Electron Transport Is used in Without O2 With O2 Biosynthesis reactions Krebs Cycle Anaerobic respiration

20. Glycolysis Eastern Colorado Style Bennett/ Strasburg, Colorado

21. http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=60722&title=claymation_glycolysishttp://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=60722&title=claymation_glycolysis