International Conference

1. International Conference Low-cost, electricity generating heat engines for rural areas Field research into the cooking habits in rural areas of Nepal and Uganda Dr. Teodoro Sanchez Energy technology Advisor

2. Filed research Purpose: To understand the cooking and lighting habits, the energy sources involved and the people’s perception regarding benefits, constrains and challenges, in order to set the social requirements for the design of a successful SCORE stove Methodology: Survey research

3. General background • Common features • Landlocked countries • Poor • Majority of their populations are rural • Diverse geographical conditions

4. Sample survey • Uganda sample • 471 interviews • South • Central • North • West • East • Nepal sample • 360 interviews • Mountains • Hill • Terai

5. Information gathered • Household demographics, education, housing and living conditions, asset ownership, • access to water and sanitation, • agricultural production, • income and expenditures, • sources of energy mostly for cooking and lighting, • type of biomass using as a source of energy, • type of cooking stove, type of pot used, • need and interest of people for modern energy services (electricity, high efficiency and clean cooking) • others

6. Findings 1) Family size (number of members) Nepal Uganda

7. Housing Nepal Uganda • Number of rooms in each house (1-9) • But 72% of the houses have 2 or 3 rooms • In the mountain region families tend to have smaller house with fewer rooms (27 % had a single room and 39 % had two rooms. • In the other two regions only about 5% had a house with 1 room. • Number of rooms per family varies from to 2 to 7 • The west region had the larger number of rooms (average 4.8), the central region the lower average of 2.8

8. Lighting

9. Cooking Nepal Uganda • Type of fuels • 47% of respondents use wood for all their cooking needs • 25% use wood for 2/3 of their cooking needs • 28% use a combination of agricultural residues, leaves, twigs, etc. • Quantity • 15 kg per person per week • Number of meals • 3 or 4 • Time spent on collection of wood • About 10.5 hours per week • Type of fuels • 68% of the respondents use firewood • 19% use charcoal • 8% use a combination use twigs • 5% use one or more sources including agricultural residues, sawdust, and dung • Quantity • 8.1 kg per person per week • Number of meals a day • 2 or 3 • Time spent on collection of wood • About 10 hours

10. Number of pots used for cooking Nepal Uganda • For breakfast 80% use one pot respondents, 18% use 2% use 2 or 3 pots • For lunch and dinner about 50% use 2 pots and the other 50% use 3 pots • For breakfast most people use 1 or 2 pots • For lunch and dinner most people use 2 pots or 3 pots

11. Fuel size Nepal Uganda • 58% use firewood 3-6cm thick • about 31% use wood bigger than 6 cm thick. • 10% did not know • 24% use firewood less than 3cm thick, • 29% per cent used wood 3 to 6 cm thick • 35% per cent used wood thicker than 6cm • 12% did not know

12. Type of pots Nepal Uganda • 65% use non-cylindrical pots • And 35% use cylindrical shape commercial pots 97% use cylindrical shape pots 3% use non-cylindrical shape pots Typical pot used in Nepal

13. Opinion of the interviewees about priority characteristics of good stove

14. Set of requirements according for a good stove

15. Thank you for your attention