Chapter 9 Slides PART 2

1. Chapter 9 SlidesPART 2 Cellular Reproduction

2. Name the Mitotic Stages: Interphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase Anaphase

3. Stop- Color time!! Complete the coloring packet and questions. • Turn in by end of class • Chapter 9 in the book will help!!

4. What factors control cell division?

5. Bio NOTES: Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cell growth and division must be controlled and regulated within the cell or serious problems can occur, like cancer. Factors that regulate cell division: 1. internal factors 2. external factors 3. apoptosis Internal Factors - come from inside the cell and are triggered by external factors cyclins - proteins that activate kinases - rapidly made and destroyed at certain points of cell cycle

6. External Factors External factors – come from outside the cell, from nearby cells and distant parts of body Include physical and chemical signals: 1. cell-to-cell contact - once a cell touches other cells, it stops dividing 2. growth factors - growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division - these come from other cells - cells grow and divide in response to a combination of different growth factors, not just one 3. hormones - may stimulate the growth of certain cell types - one growth hormone results in bone growth

7. webbed fingers Apoptosis Apoptosis – programmed cell death (cell suicide) - caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes - it is a normal feature of healthy organisms - the nucleus will shrink and break apart, and cells from the immune system will gobble up the cell and recycle its parts Uses of apoptosis: - embryonic and infant development - cell death of old cells In early stages of development, human embryos have webbing between fingers and toes. These cells typically go through apoptosis before a baby is born.

9. Cancer Basics normal cell cancer cell bloodstream What is Cancer? • Cancer is caused by changes in the genes • that control normal cell growth and death • Cancer occurs when cells continue to grow • and divide and do not die when they should Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. • - Benign tumors remain clustered and can be • removed. • - Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and • can form more tumors.

10. The changes that cause cancer may be inherited, or may result from environmental or lifestyle factors. carcinogen – any substance known to produce or promote the development of cancer Causes of Cancer: • external factors – tobacco, chemicals, radiation, and • infectious organisms • internal factors – inherited mutations, hormones, disease Treatments for Cancer: • surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormones, • and immunotherapy * radiation – uses radiation to kill cancer cells in a specific region * chemotherapy – uses drugs to kill actively dividing cells - both of these also kill healthy cells

11. metastisis = when cancer spreads to other parts of body Tumors are present during 2nd stage

12. Carcinogen Group Study • Review list of carcinogen • Research 10 carcinogens • Summarize and prepare a brochure to inform your peers about them