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Respiration. making ATP from energy-rich molecules. (CH 2 O) n + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O. oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO 2 as possible in a controlled way. Basic flow. occurs in mitochondrion. Glycolysis. start with glucose. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. invest two ATP.
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Respiration making ATP from energy-rich molecules
(CH2O)n + O2 CO2 + H2O oxidation of sugar, need to go as far towards CO2 as possible in a controlled way
Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion
Glycolysis start with glucose 1 2 3 4 5 6 invest two ATP P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P split to make two PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) P 1 2 3 4 5 6 P
Glycolysis NADH strip off an electron P 1 2 3 combine with a P… P 1 2 3 P ATP …and give it to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation) P 1 2 3 ATP rearrange and give up another P 1 2 3 pyruvate For both PGAL together we get 4-2 = 2 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate
Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion
GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 ATP 2 energy input 2 NAD+ 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net LACTATE FORMATION electrons, hydrogen from NADH 2 lactate Fig. 8.9, p. 140
GLYCOLYSIS C6H12O6 2 ATP 2 NAD+ energy input 2 ADP NADH 2 ATP 4 2 pyruvate energy output 2 ATP net ETHANOL FORMATION 2 H2O 2 CO2 2 acetaldehyde electrons, hydrogen from NADH Fig. 8.10, p. 141 2 ethanol
Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion
Aerobic respiration-step1 Strip off an electron, strip off a carbon Join with coenzyme A 1 2 3 NADH, CO2 CoA 1 2 Send Acetyl CoA to Krebs cycle acetyl CoA
CoA 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aerobic respiration-step2 CoA 1 2 3 4 oxaloacetate citrate CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 5 transformations yielding FADH2, NADH, ATP CO2 + NADH 1 2 3 4 remember there are two pyruvate molecules from each glucose movie
Basic flow occurs in mitochondrion
At this point we haven’t made too many ATPs (4), but we have produced a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2
Fig. 8.5b, p. 136 OUTER COMPARTMENT NADH acetyl-CoA NADH Krebs Cycle NADH ATP ATP 5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H+ to form water. ATP ATP free oxygen ADP + Pi INNER COMPARTMENT 6 Following its gradients, H+ flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. The flow drives ATP formation. Electron transport chain movie
Basic flow final score: anaerobic = 2 ATP/glucose aerobic = 36 ATP/glucose occurs in mitochondrion movie
Fig. 8.12, p. 143 FOOD complexcarbohydrates proteins fats glycogen simple sugars,e.g., glucose fatty acids glycerol amino acids glucose-6-phosphate NH3 carbonbackbones PGAL urea GLYCOLYSIS ATP pyruvate Acetyl-CoA KREBSCYCLE ATP CO2 NADH NADH,FADH2 many ATP CO2 ELECTRON TRANSPORTPHOSPHORYLATION O2