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MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE FOR THE ARIZONA DESERT:

Learn about the development of large surface water-spreading facilities for managed aquifer recharge in Arizona, including its progress, phases, regulatory framework, and institutional involvement.

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MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE FOR THE ARIZONA DESERT:

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  1. MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE FOR THE ARIZONA DESERT: The Development of Large Surface Water-Spreading Facilities Mario R. Lluria,* and Gary G. Small* HydroSystems, Inc.* Phoenix, Arizona

  2. MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE (M.A.r.) DEVELOPMENT IN ARIZONA A Historical Overview

  3. Presentation Contents • M.A.R. Development • Main Reasons for its Progress • Development Phases • Regulatory Framework • Water-Spreading vs Well Recharge • Institutional Involvement • Water-Spreading Facilities • The Future of Water Spreading

  4. M.A.R in Arizona: Main Reasons For Its Progress

  5. M.A.R in Arizona:Development Phases

  6. M.A.R in Arizona:Development Phases Phase I Experimental Studies (1960-1980) Flushing Meadow Project Phoenix, AZ Basin Recharge in McMicken Dam* Phoenix, AZ • Off-channel basins in the Salt River • Treated effluent • SAT • Dr. Herman Bouwer, USDA / USWCL (1968-1978) • Well recharge using cooling tower effluent in Tucson • Dr. L.G. Wilson and others at University of Arizona WRRC (1960’s) This phase consisted mostly of tests by Universities and research centers *Photo: Flood Control District of Maricopa County

  7. M.A.R in Arizona:Development Phases Sweetwater Project* Tucson, AZ Granite Reef Underground Storage Project Phoenix, AZ Water Campus Project Scottsdale, AZ Cave Creek Recharge Project Phoenix, AZ • Reclaimed water • Four 0.75 acre (.3 hectares) basins • Studies and design completed • Full scale • CAP water • Vadose zone recharge wells • Reclaimed water • First ASR well in Arizona Phase II Demonstration Projects (1980-1990) *Photo: ADWR Website

  8. M.A.R in Arizona:Development Phases Phase III Large Storage Capacity Water-Spreading Facilities (1990-2010) CAP Aqueduct* Granite Reef Underground Storage Project Phoenix, AZ 9 Large Water-Spreading Facilities • 1994 commenced operation • Permitted for 200,000 ac-ft/yr (246,600,000 m3/yr) • Completed to Phoenix and Tucson • 1994 -2010 • Capacity exceeding 50,000 ac-ft/yr (61,650,000 m3/yr) *Photo: CAP Website

  9. M.A.R in Arizona:Development Phases Phase IV Intermediate to Small Storage Capacity Facilities (2010-…) City of Surprise SPA-1 Surprise, AZ Hassayampa Recharge Facility Near Prescott, AZ Fountains Sanitary District Fountain Hills, AZ • Vadose Zone Recharge Wells • Water-Spreading by river channel • ASR Wells

  10. M.A.R. in Arizona:Regulatory Framework

  11. M.A.R in Arizona:Water-Spreading vs Well Recharge

  12. M.A.R. in Arizona:Institutional Involvement • Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD) • Colorado River Water Purveyor • Arizona Water Banking Authority (AWBA) • Better Utilization of Arizona: Colorado River Entitlement • Groundwater Replenishment Districts • Salt River Project (SRP) • Salt and Verde Rivers Water Purveyor • Municipalities • Irrigation Districts • Water Companies

  13. Water-Spreading Facilities • Water Sources Available for Aquifer Storage • Colorado River Water (CAP) • Salt and Verde River Water (SRP) • Reclaimed Water (treated municipaleffluent) (RW) • Treated Industrial Effluent (IRW)

  14. Water-Spreading Facilities • Granite Reef Underground Storage Project • GRUSP • New River Agua Fria Underground Storage Project • NAUSP • MBT Ranch Recharge Project • Lower Santa Cruz River Managed Recharge Project • LSCRMRP • Hassayampa Recharge Facility

  15. Water-Spreading Facilities The Salt River Project Roosevelt Dam Arizona Canal

  16. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP 0 1 2 Mount McDowell West East Site Geology GraniteReef Dam VerdeRiver GRUSP TM Salt River UAU Detachment fault LAU 300 ft Yg Yg UAU Upper Alluvial Unit-Quaternary Aquifer LAU Lower Alluvial Unit-Pleisto cene TM Red Unit – Fanglormerates Miocine Scale in Mile f f Yg Tovrea Granite-precambria

  17. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP • Development • In-channel basins in the Salt River • Recharge capacity • 100,000 ac-ft/yr (123,300,000 m3/yr) • Near SRP and CAP water infrastructure • Started operation in 1994 • Total cost • $2.2M

  18. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP Recharge System Operation SouthCanal BCW Headworks Basins AquiferStorage

  19. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP • System Components • Inflow Structures • SRP South Canal • Delivery Units • Delivery Channel • Recharge Units • 7 basins: 225 acres (91 hectares) • Monitoring System • BCWs • wells

  20. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP

  21. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP

  22. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP • Site Selection • Geology • Hydrogeology • Engineering infrastructure • Environmental factors

  23. Water-Spreading Facilities: GRUSP and NAUSP Lower Salt River Valley Geology W E McDowellMountains Agua Fria River Salt River White TankMountains RedMountains NAUSP GRUSP BR BR BR UAU UAU MAU MAU LAU LAU DF West Salt River Valley Basin East Salt River Valley Basin

  24. Water-Spreading Facilities: NAUSP Cavecreek Carefree Peoria Scottsdale Surprise ElMirage FountainHills Arizona Phoenix Youngtown Canal Glendale ParadiseValley Arizona Canal Grand LitchfieldPark Canal X-Cut South Canal Buckeye Tolleson Mesa ApacheJunction Canal Canal Tempe Western Tempe Canal Gilbert Guadalupe Canal Avondale Chandler Consolidated Eastern QueenCreek Goodyear

  25. Water-Spreading Facilities: NAUSP -200 1,240 1,200 1,220 -250 1,180 -300 1,160 84 84 89 1,140 -300 89 60 Glendale Glendale 60 River River 1,120 River River Sun Sun 1,100 City City El 1,080 El Mirage Mirage River River River River LUKE LUKE 1,060 AIR FORCE AIR FORCE LUKE LUKE BASE BASE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE Fria Fria BASE BASE 1,040 New New New New 1,020 LUKEAIR FORCEBASE 1,000 Fria Fria -300 980 Phoenix Phoenix -250 Agua Agua -200 -150 960 10 10 940 -100 Goodyear Agua Agua Goodyear 85 Buckeye 85 920 -50 Avondale Buckeye 900 Gila Avondale Gila River River Gila Gila River River Salt River Salt River Salt Salt River River Altitude of Water Table 84 River 89 Glendale 60 River SunCity 850 750 ElMirage 825 800 725 775 750 Fria 725 New RechargeSite 750 775 Phoenix 800 825 850 875 10 Agua 85 Goodyear Buckeye Avondale River Gila Salt River Spring 1923 Spring 1991 Spring 1923-77

  26. Water-Spreading Facilities: NAUSP • Started operation in 2006 • Basins • In-channel and off-channel • Permit capacity • 75,000 ac-ft/yr (92,475,000 m3/yr) • Near SRP water infrastructure • Total cost • $13M

  27. Water-Spreading Facilities: NAUSP Basin 2 Looking Southwest East Side • Recharge units • 6 off-channel • 1 in-channel basins

  28. Water-Spreading Facilities: NAUSP • Delivery units • Grand Canal • Reclaimed water pipelines • Monitoring units • 12 wells

  29. Water-Spreading Facilities: MBT Ranch Recharge Project • Type • Water-Spreading/Basins • ADWR Constructed Recharge Facility • Location • Maricopa County • Ownership • Vidler Water Company • Source Water • CAP • Capacity • 75,000 ac-ft/yr (92,475,000 m3/yr)

  30. Water-Spreading Facilities: LSCRMRP • Type • Water-Spreading • ADWR Managed Recharge Facility • Location • Santa Cruz River Channel, Tucson • Operator • Pima County – City of Tucson • Source Water • Reclaimed Water • Roger Road and Ina Road WWTPs • Capacity • 45,000 ac-ft/yr (55,485,000 m3/yr)

  31. Water-Spreading Facilities: Hassayampa Recharge Project • Type • Water-Spreading • ADWR Managed Recharge Facility • Location • Hassayampa River, Maricopa County • Ownership • Summit Global • Operator • HydroSystems, Inc. • Source Water • CAP • Capacity • 25,000 ac-ft/yr (30,825,000 m3/yr)

  32. The Future of Water Spreading in Arizona • Availability of unused CAP water decreases • More CAP water may become available as agriculture decreases • California and Nevada could continue to recharge Colorado River Water in Arizona? • More reclaimed water is available for aquifer storage • New recharge projects will store predominantly reclaimed water • Medium to small projects (<5,000 ac-ft/yr) (< 6,165,000 m3/yr)

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