Module 4: Configuring a Client for Name Resolution

1. Module 4: Configuring a Client for Name Resolution

2. Overview • Resolving Client Names • Managing the ARP Cache • Overview of NetBIOS • Using Static Name Resolution • Using Dynamic Name Resolution • Summarizing the Name Resolution Process

3. Lesson: Resolving Client Names • The Name Resolution Process

4. DNS Server Corp01.contoso.msft 192.168.2.102 192.168.0.5 192.168.1.5 Payroll.contoso.msft Multimedia: The Name Resolution Process A DNS client can use several different methods to resolve an IP address from an FQDN

5. Lesson: Managing the ARP Cache • Static and Dynamic ARP Cache Entries • How ARP Resolves IP Addresses to MAC Addresses • Using the ARP Tool to Manage the ARP Cache

6. An ARP cache • The cache is a table of recently resolved IP addresses and their corresponding MAC addresses • TCP/IP checks the ARP cache before sending an ARP request • To view the cache, type arp –a at the command prompt Static cache entries: Dynamic cache entries: • Have no time-out value • Must be added manually • Must be updated • Have a time-out value • Are removed after the specified time Static and Dynamic ARP Cache Entries

7. ARP cache is checked 1 ARP request is sent ARP reply is sent 2 4 3 4 ARP entry is added 3 5 6 1 2 ARP entry is added 5 IP packet is sent 6 IP packet is sent 6 How ARP Resolves IP Addresses to MAC Addresses ComputerB ComputerA ComputerC

8. Using the ARP Tool to Manage the ARP Cache

9. Practice: Identifying a MAC Address In this practice, you will identify a MAC address

10. Practice: Viewing and Modifying the ARP Cache In this practice, you will view the ARP cache and then modify it

11. Lesson: Overview of NetBIOS • The Types of Names Computers Use • What Is NetBIOS? • What Is a NetBIOS Name? • What Is NetBT? • Types of NetBT Nodes • What Is Nbtstat?

12. The Types of Names Computers Use

13. NetBIOSApplications NetBIOS • Is an API • Operates at the session and transport layers of the OSI protocol stack • Establishes names, sessions and data transfer What Is NetBIOS? OSI TCP/IP Application Application Presentation Session Transport Transport NetBIOSInterface Network Internet Data-Link Link Physical

14. Payroll<00>Payroll <20> Corp1<00>Corp1<20> What Is a NetBIOS Name? • 16 byte name • 16th character is a 1 byte hexadecimal identifier • Used for the name of a computer or the name of a service running on the computer

15. NetBIOS Applications TCP/IP NetBT • Runs on top of the TCP/IP network protocol • Supports discovery, registration and release of NetBIOS names • Uses broadcast or a NetBIOS name server, depending on node type What Is NetBT? Application Transport NetBIOS Interface NetBT Internet

16. Types of NetBT Nodes

17. Practice: Determining and Setting the NetBT Node Type of a Client In this practice, you will determine and then change the NetBT node type of a client computer

18. Use nbstat to: • Check the state of current NetBT connections • Update the Lmhosts cache • Determine the registered name of a client What Is Nbtstat?

19. Lesson: Using Static Name Resolution • Using an Lmhosts File • Guidelines for Configuring a Client to Use Lmhosts • Using a Hosts File

20. Lmhosts File 1 127.0.0.1 localhost 131.107.34.1 router 192.168.2.200 london What is the IP address for london? 2 192.168.2.200 Using an Lmhosts File

21. An entry consists of the IP address, one space or tab, and the NetBIOS name • Each entry must be on a separate line. Use a carriage return after the final entry • NetBIOS names can contain uppercase, lowercase and special characters • Entries can represent all versions of Windows • # marks the start of a comment or a keyword Guidelines for Configuring a Client to Use Lmhosts Guidelines

22. Practice: Adding an Entry to the Lmhosts File In this practice, you will add an entry to the client Lmhosts file

23. Hosts File 1 127.0.0.1 localhost 131.107.34.1 router 172.30.45.121 server1.central.microsoft.com s1 What is the IP address for s1? 2 172.30.45.121 Client Using a Hosts File

24. Practice: Adding an Entry to the Hosts File In this practice, you will add an entry to the client Hosts file

25. Lesson: Using Dynamic Name Resolution • What Is WINS? • What Is DNS? • The DNS Suffix

26. NetBIOS Name Registration Query ? OK Payroll WINS Server Queries a WINS Server Determines if name is in use or not If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name and associated IP address What Is WINS? 1 2 3

27. What Is DNS? FQDN: printserver.contoso.com. Root domain ( “.” Root) Other top-level domains Com Parent domain Edu Org Contoso Child domain printserver accounts payroll

28. “.” Root FQDN com corp05.contoso.com. contoso DNS Suffix Host Name sales FQDN corp01.sales.contoso.com. corp05 = 192.168.0.66 DNS Suffix Host Name corp01 = 192.168.0.67 The DNS Suffix

29. Practice: Using Ipconfig to Manage the DNS Client Resolver Cache In this practice, you will use Ipconfig to manage the DNS client cache

30. Practice: Configuring a Client to Use a Name Server In this practice, you will configure a client to resolve names using DNS

31. Lesson: Summarizing Name Resolution Processes • How Client Names Are Resolved

32. Enter command 1 Lmhosts File 8 DNS name cache 2 NetBIOS name cache 5 DNS Server WINS Server 3 6 Broadcast Hosts File 7 4 How Client Names Are Resolved Name is resolved