QEM TCUP LDI Cohort II Minneapolis, MN

1. QEM TCUP LDI Cohort II Minneapolis, MN Ethics and Leadership Costello L. Brown August 4, 2009

2. What is Ethics?* A few years ago, sociologist Raymond Baumhart asked business people, "What does ethics mean to you?" Among their replies were the following: • “Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong." • "Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs.“ • "Being ethical is doing what the law requires." • "Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts." *Developed by Manuel Velasquez, Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks, S.J., and Michael J. Meyer (http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/whatisethics.html)

3. Some Causes of Academic Misconduct* • Deadlines: Deadlines determined by university calendars and other schedules can complicate the research process and offer a temptation to “cut corners.” • Productivity and competition: Scholars may feel pressure to increase their output to secure monetary or professional rewards. • Collaborative and individual work: Research projects offer great opportunities for collaboration—and the need to accept responsibility for one’s own role in the project, as well as the results obtained by the group. * http://gradschool.unc.edu/publications/ethics.html#miscon

4. Faculty Members and Conflict of Interest* Faculty members should avoid the following potential conflicts of interest…: • Authorize the purchase by the University of equipment, supplies or services from a source in which they or their families have a substantial interest. • Hire any member of their immediate family as an employee or consultant for any project supported by funds administered through the University. • Be associated with the management of any undertaking which hires or proposes to hire University personnel. * From Simon Fraser University in Vancouver (http://www.sfu.ca/policies/academic/a30-01.htm (October 1, 1992

5. Conflict of Interest* Scenario: • PI consults for Company A on “her own time.” • PI performs assays on company owned compound in Harvard lab in collaboration with visiting company scientist, but not under any sponsored research agreement. *Harvard University Office of Sponsored Programs Case Studies: (http://web.mit.edu/osp/www/ncura/Harvard%20University.Case%20Studies.05.09.06%20final%20Reg%20I.ppt

6. Unfriendly Blue Sky* Your department has been selected as part of the University’s annual A-133 Audit. The auditors tested a travel expense charged to Dr. Misfortune’s NIH grant. They found that a first class airfare ticket was charged to this grant. The airfare was booked through the Travelocity. COM by Dr. Misfortune and there was no proof that the lowest airfare was purchased. Dr. Misfortune explained that the airfare cost itself was a coach ticket: he was able to upgrade the ticket to first class by using his personal frequent flyer mileage. This created no additional expense to the grant. The problem is that he didn’t keep any documentation to support his claim. Do we have any issues here? What do you do? • *Harvard University Office of Sponsored Programs Case Studies: (http://web.mit.edu/osp/www/ncura/Harvard%20University.Case%20Studies.05.09.06%20final%20Reg%20I.ppt

7. It is Unethical for Faculty:* 1. To enter into any agreement that infringes their freedom to publish the results of research conducted within the University precincts or under University auspices. Not withstanding this, faculty members may agree to delay, for a specific period of time, publication of the results of sponsored or contract research, provided that this condition is agreed to by the University. * From Simon Fraser University in Vancouver (http://www.sfu.ca/policies/academic/a30-01.htm (October 1, 1992

8. It is Unethical for Faculty:* 2. It is unethical to fail to respect the confidentiality of information about a colleague gained during participation in the work of committees such as those described in…… 3, To exploit the unpaid work of colleagues for personal gain. * From Simon Fraser University in Vancouver (http://www.sfu.ca/policies/academic/a30-01.htm (October 1, 1992

9. Percent Effort Dr. U. Know-Who teachers 2 classes at a small university. He has one NSF grant where he lists his percent effort as 35%. He is now applying for a second NSF grant where he is requesting 50% release time. The department chair, dean and sponsored research officer all sign off on this new grant because Dr. Who is a long time trusted faculty member who works night and day and even sleeps in the lab sometimes. Any potential problems with this situation?

10. “Important Questions” • You believe that a colleague has a drinking problem and sometimes you can smell the alcohol on his breath even when he is teaching a chemistry lab class. What do you do? • You have to give a chemistry placement exam to a group of students and you find an old ACS exam that clearly says “do not duplicate”? You only need four copies. What harm will be done? No one will ever know. • A colleague asked to copy a computer program that you just purchased for $400 with funds from your grant because she needs it for a class she is taking at a local university and can’t afford to buy it. What do you do?

11. What is the Appropriate Penalty? • Cheating on an exam • Plagiarism on a thesis (M.S. or Ph.D.) • Plagiarism on a publication • Misrepresenting of reporting false or selective data in a publication • Personal use of office/school supplies • The penalty for unethical behavior may sometimes be extremely great!

12. Syracuse University: Research Ethics and Academic Integrity* #2. Data Manipulation #8. Inappropriate Sharing of Lab Resources #10. IRB #11. Plagiarism and Inappropriate Citation #17. Cheating *Professional Development Programs of the Graduate School http://gradschpdprograms.syr.edu/resources/videos.php