What is KINESIOLOGY?

1. What is KINESIOLOGY?

2. What is ki-nee-see-ol-uh-jee? • [Gk, kinesis = movement + logos= study of/science], the scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of the movement of body

3. Basically… • Kinesiology is the study of human movement, and its goal is to discover strategies for human health and performance. The work of kinesiologists benefits all those who move, including high-performance athletes, people suffering from chronic injury or disease, and those wanting to improve their overall physical health.

4. An applied, multi-disciplinary SCIENCE…. • Kinesiology is a multidisciplinary science encompassing anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, psychomotor behaviour, and social and cultural factors. • It is this multidisciplinary approach to movement and human performance that makes Kinesiology an important contributor to health and wellness, as well as to high performance sport.

5. From the Greek word anatome (dissection) • Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things (ie. How they are built and what they consist of!) • Anatomy is usually studied in conjunction with another key area within life sciences: PHYSIOLOGY • Is concerned with basic processes such as reproduction, growth and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body.

6. In this course, we will focus on anatomy and EXERCISE physiology… • Exercise Physiologists…. • Concentrate their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it by EXERCISE.

7. Principles and Terminology

8. The Anatomical Position • In the same way that maps of the world are universally oriented in the North-South-East-West position, anatomists and physiologists look at the human body from a standard starting point.

9. The Anatomical Position • Diagrams of the anatomical position portray the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet pointing forward, with the arms at the side, and the forearms fully supinated (palms facing forward)

10. Describing Position and Movement • A body movement can be described in terms of the anatomical plane through which it occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotate. • THE GENERAL RULE: The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement.

11. Anatomical Planes Sagittal Frontal (coronal) Transverse

12. Anatomical Planes Anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another. • Transverse plane • “divides” the body into superior and inferior segments. • • Sagittal plane • “divides” the body into medial and lateral segments. • • Frontal or coronal plane • “divides” the body into anterior and posterior segments.

13. Anatomical Axes Axes are used to describe how rotation of the muscles and bones takes place. • Longitudinal or polar axis is in a “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position. • • Horizontal or bilateral axisis in an “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position. • • Antero-posterior axis is in a “front-to-back” relationship to the anatomical position.

14. Relationship Between Planes and Axes

15. Various Movements and Planes of Movement • Complete the following chart in your notes:

16. Describing Position and Movement

17. Basic Movements Involving a Joint • Flexion • Extension • Adduction • Abduction • Internal rotation • External rotation • Circumduction • Supination • Pronation • Plantar flexion • Dorsiflexion

18. Helpful Hints  • Axis of rotation is ALWAYS perpendicular to the plane of movement • In the anatomical position, all flexion/extension occursin the sagittal plane; all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane; and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane • More involved movements are usually not in one specific plane, but occur as a combination of motions from more than one plane