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World Drug Report 2011

World Drug Report 2011. Annual prevalence and number of illicit drug users at the global level, late 1990s-2009/2010. Generally stable drug use trends globally for the main illicit drug categories….

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World Drug Report 2011

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  1. World Drug Report 2011

  2. Annual prevalence and number of illicit drug users at the global level, late 1990s-2009/2010

  3. Generally stable drug use trends globally for the main illicit drug categories… • Cannabis remains the most widely consumed illicit drug with an estimated 125-203 million past-year users. • Significant regional differences in illicit drug use. • Problem drug use stable. Global annual prevalence rates

  4. …though ‘new’ drugs are emerging • Drug markets are dynamic and demand for psychoactive substances is diverse, particularly in developed countries. • Synthetic drugs are evolving most rapidly, though products based on cannabis, cocaine and opiates are also diversifying. • Piperazine • Mephedrone • ‘Spice’ (synthetic cannabinoids) • Many of these new substances and/or the precursor chemicals needed to manufacture them are not under international control. • Non-medical use of a range of prescription drugs is increasingly problematic in a number of countries.

  5. Main problem drugs as reflected in treatment demand, by region, 2009 (or latest year available)

  6. Drug-related deaths and mortality rates

  7. Slight increase in opium poppy cultivation, while coca cultivation continues to decrease

  8. ATS manufacture is geographically widely dispersed… • Methamphetamine is the most widely manufactured ATS. • Amphetamine and ‘ecstasy’ manufacture operations tend to be fewer, but more • sophisticated.

  9. …as are ATS seizures

  10. Seizures of ATS increase from last year as well as in the longer term; stable trends for the other illicit drug categories • Opiates: Vast bulk continues to be seized by the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. • Cocaine: Most seizures now in South America (decreases in North America and Europe). • ATS: Vast regional differences though methamphetamine increased globally; amphetamine and methamphetamine seized in almost equal quantities. • Cannabis herb: Largest seizure totals in the United States of America and Mexico. • Cannabis resin: North Africa’s share of seizures increase, while West and Central Europe seize less.

  11. North America • Significant cultivation of cannabis herb and manufacture of ATS (mainly methamphetamine); some opium poppy cultivation. • Mainly inward drug trafficking. • Large shares of global cannabis herb, ecstasy and amphetamines-group seizures. • Cannabis herb the main drug of consumption. • Some 37% of global cocaine users live in the region, though prevalence rates are declining. • Non-medical use of prescription drugs significant. • High rates of drug-related deaths.

  12. Cocaine use decreasing in North America • While the annual prevalence rate of cocaine use in North America is decreasing, the subregion is still home to the 5.7 million cocaine users; more than a third of the global total. • The United States has the highest prevalence rate in the region (2.4%) as well as the largest number of users (5 million people).

  13. South America, Central America and the Caribbean • The vast bulk of global coca cultivation and cocaine manufacture; also cannabis cultivation. • Mainly outward trafficking; cocaine to North America and Europe. Some intra-regional cannabis trafficking. • Cocaine seizures have increased over the past few years, and the region accounts for nearly three fourths of global seizures. • Cannabis the most prevalent illicit drug, followed by cocaine, though cocaine use appears to be stabilizing. • Relatively few drug-related deaths.

  14. Cocaine seizures increasing in South America • Global cocaine seizures are stable at a high level. • South America’s share of the global total has increased, and is now at some 60% (442 out of 732 tons). • Seizures in the main consumer markets – North America and Europe – have declined.

  15. Europe • Significant cannabis herb cultivation (mainly indoor), amphetamine and ecstasy manufacture, though the latter is declining. • Primarily inward illicit drug trafficking. • Half of global cannabis resin seizures and large shares of heroin and amphetamine seizures. Ecstasy seizures have declined. • All illicit drug categories show stable use trends. Cannabis remains the most prevalent substance, followed by ATS (similar numbers of ecstasy and amphetamines users) and cocaine.

  16. Stable illicit drug use in West and Central Europe Trends in annual prevalence, West and Central Europe, 2000-2009

  17. Africa • Significant cannabis production; resin (Morocco) and herb (most countries). ATS production may be emerging. Small-scale opium production in Egypt. • Cannabis resin trafficking to Europe; intra-regional trafficking of cannabis herb. Africa is a transit region for cocaine and heroin intended for the European market. Methamphetamine trafficking is also emerging on the continent. • Significant seizures of cannabis resin. • Limited data on drug use and drug-related deaths. • Cannabis accounts for a larger proportion of drug treatment demand than in other regions.

  18. Methamphetamine trafficking in Africa • First reports of methamphetamine trafficking from Africa at the end of 2008. • East and South-East Asia are the most common destinations. • Some manufacture reported. • ATS precursor chemicals are frequently trans-shipped through the region.

  19. Asia • Most of the world’s opium poppy cultivation and opium production; also significant cannabis cultivation and ATS manufacture (notably methamphetamine). • Outward as well as intra-regional trafficking of opium and heroin. • The majority of the world’s heroin and ATS seizures in 2009 took place in Asia. • Ketamine, a substance outside international control, is a significant problem in East and South-East Asia. • There are large data gaps with regard to illicit drug use in Asia. Cannabis is the most widely consumed drug, though use is lower than in other regions. The amphetamines rank second and use may be increasing. • More than half of the world’s opiate-using population lives in Asia and opiates are almost exclusively reported as the main substance involved in drug-related deaths.

  20. Key opiate trafficking routes and volumes, 2009 Cultivation - Afghanistan Cultivation - Myanmar

  21. Asia accounts for a large share of global amphetamines seizures Amphetamine Methamphetamine

  22. Oceania • Cannabis cultivation, mainly for the herbal product, and some ATS manufacture. • Small seizure totals; ATS seizures have declined, though ecstasy is more prominent than in other regions. • High prevalence rates for most illicit drugs, particularly cannabis and ATS. Only opiates below global average. • Widespread non-medical use of prescription drugs, particularly opioids and amphetamines. • High rate of drug-related deaths, although the rate is based on data from one country only (Australia).

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